Mycobacterium malmoense
| Mycobacterium malmoense | ||||||||||||||
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| Mycobacterium malmoense Schroder and Juhlin 1977, ATCC 29571 |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Mycobacterium malmoense is a bacteria. Etymology: malmoense, from the city of Malmö, Sweden where it was first isolated.
Description
Gram-positive, nonmotile, acid-fast and coccoid to short rods.
- Environmental reservoir: soil and water.
Colony characteristics
- Smooth and nonpigmented colonies, growth below the surface of semisolid agar medium after deep inoculation (as seen with M. bovis), 0.9 - 1.7mm in diameter.
Physiology
- Growth on inspissated egg medium and oleic acid-albumin agar at a temperature range of 22°C-37°C requires over 1 week.
- Susceptible to ethambutol, ethionamide, kanamycin and cycloserine.
Differential characteristics
- Antigenic structure: seroagglutination demonstrates a single serovar distinct from that of other species.
Pathogenesis
- Usually infects young children with cervical lymphadenitis or adults with chronic pulmonary disease, (mostly with previously documented pneumoconiosis).
- Rarely causes extrapulmonary diseases and disseminated infections
- Biosafety level 2
Type Strain
Strain ATCC 29571 = CCUG 37761 = CIP 105775 = DSM 44163 = JCM 13391 = NCTC 11298.
Treatment
Antimicrobial regimen
- 1. In vitro
- Susceptible: Ethambutol, Ethionamide, Kanamycin, and Cycloserine
- Resistant: INH, Streptomycin, Rifampin, and Capreomycin
- 2. Pulmonary M. malmoense infection
- Preferred regimen: INH AND Rifampin AND Ethambutol ± Quinolones AND Macrolides
References
- ↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
- Schroder,K., I. Juhlin 1977. Mycobacterium malmoense sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1977, 27, 241-246.]