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| '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' | | __NOTOC__ |
| | | '''For patient information, click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' |
| {{Infobox_Disease |
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| Name = Migraine |
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| Image = |
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| Caption = |
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| DiseasesDB = 8207 |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|346}} |
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| ICD10 = {{ICD10|G|43||g|40}}|
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| ICDO = |
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| OMIM = 157300 |
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| MedlinePlus = |
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| eMedicineSubj = |
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| eMedicineTopic =
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| eMedicine_mult = |
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| MeshID = D008881 |
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| }}
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| {{Migraine}} | | {{Migraine}} |
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| '''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Bobby Schwartz|Robert G. Schwartz, M.D.]] [mailto:RGSHEAL@aol.com], [http://www.piedmontpmr.com Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.] | | '''Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{ATS}} {{TSA}} |
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| ==[[Migraine overview|Overview]]== | | ==[[Migraine overview|Overview]]== |
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| | ==[[Migraine historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
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| ==[[Migraine classification|Classification]]== | | ==[[Migraine classification|Classification]]== |
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| | | [[Migraine history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Migraine physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Migraine laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Migraine CT|CT]] | [[Migraine MRI|MRI]] |
| [[Migraine criteria|Criteria]] | [[Migraine history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Migraine physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Migraine laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Migraine CT|CT]] | [[Migraine MRI|MRI]] | [[Migraine other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Migraine other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
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| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
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| [[Migraine case study one|Case #1]] | | [[Migraine case study one|Case #1]] |
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| ==Description==
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| The word ''migraine'' is French in origin and comes from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''hemicrania'', as does the Old English term ''megrim''. Literally, ''hemicrania'' means "half (the) head".
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| Migraine is widespread in the population. The majority of migraine (as it is referred to commonly) is actually mixed [[Headache]]. In the U.S., 18% of women and 6% of men report having had at least one migraine episode in the previous year<ref>. Silberstein S. "Migraine". ''Lancet'' 2004;363:381-391</ref> Wrongdiagnosis.com reports that 10% of people have been diagnosed with migraine and 5% have migraine but have not been diagnosed,<ref>[http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/m/migraine/prevalence.htm wrongdiagnosis.com]</ref> with seriousness varying from a rare annoyance to a life-threatening and/or daily experience. Treatments are typically expensive. Periodic or unpredictable disability can cause impoverishment due to patients' inability to work enough or to hold a job at all.
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| Migraines' secondary characteristics are inconsistent. ''[[#Triggers|Triggers]]'' precipitating a particular episode of migraine vary widely. The efficacy of the simplest treatment, applying warmth or coolness to the affected area of the head, varies between persons, sometimes worsening the migraine.<ref>''The Essential Book of Herbal Medicine'' (also known as ''Out of the Earth'') by Simon Y. Mills, Viking Arkana, 1994(1991). Mills is former president of the UK licensed medical herbalists association. Mills' point is the traditional classification of migraines into "hot" and "cold" types, meaning that one's migraine type is determined by whether one's pain is reduced by hot/warm versus cold water.</ref> A particular migraine rescue drug may sometimes work and sometimes not work in the same patient. Some migraine types don't have pain or may manifest symptoms in parts of the body other than the head.
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| Available evidence suggests that migraine pain is one symptom of several to many disorders of the [[serotonergic]] control system, a dual [[hormone]]-[[neurotransmitter]] with numerous types of [[receptor (biochemistry)|receptors]]. Two disorders — classic migraine with [[Aura (symptom)|aura]] (MA, STG)<!--"MA, STG" needs explanation or removal--> and common migraine without aura (MO, STG)<!--need explanation--> — have been shown to have a genetic factor.<ref>Ogilvie AD, Russell MB, Dhall P, ''et al.'' "Altered allelic distributions of the serotonin transporter gene in migraine without aura and migraine with aura." ''Cephalalgia''. 1998 Jan;18(1):23-6. PMID 9601620</ref> Studies on twins show that genes have a 60 to 65% influence on the development of migraine<ref name="pmid10204850">{{cite journal |author=Ulrich V, Gervil M, Kyvik KO, Olesen J, Russell MB |title=The inheritance of migraine with aura estimated by means of structural equation modelling |journal=[[Journal of Medical Genetics]] |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=225–7 |year=1999 |month=March |pmid=10204850 |pmc=1734315 |doi= |url=http://jmg.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10204850 |accessdate=2012-08-30}}</ref><ref name="pmid10496258">{{cite journal |author=Gervil M, Ulrich V, Kaprio J, Olesen J, Russell MB |title=The relative role of genetic and environmental factors in migraine without aura |journal=[[Neurology]] |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=995–9 |year=1999 |month=September |pmid=10496258 |doi= |url=http://www.neurology.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10496258 |accessdate=2012-08-30}}</ref>. Additional migraine types are suspected and could be proven to be genetic. Migraine understood as several or many disorders could explain the inconsistencies, especially if a single patient has more than one genetic type.
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| However, still other migraine types might be functionally acquired due to hormone organ disease or injury. Three quarters of adult migraine patients are female, although pre-[[puberty|pubertal]] migraine affects approximately equal numbers of boys and girls. This reveals the strong correlation to hormonal cycling and hormonal-related causes or triggers. Hormonal migraine is a likely consequence of periodically falling hormone levels causing reduction in [[protein biosynthesis]] of [[metabolism|metabolic]] components including intestinal tract [[serotonin]].
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| [[ar:صداع نصفي]][[bn:মাইগ্রেন]][[cs:Migréna]][[da:Migræne]][[de:Migräne]][[et:Migreen]][[es:Migraña]][[fr:Migraine]][[io:Migreno]][[it:Emicrania]][[he:מיגרנה]][[ku:Mîgren]][[lt:Migrena]][[hu:Migrén]][[nl:Migraine]][[ja:頭痛#.E7.89.87.E9.A0.AD.E7.97.9B]][[no:Migrene]][[nn:Migrene]][[pt:Enxaqueca]][[ru:Мигрень]][[sq:Migrena]][[sk:Migréna]][[fi:Migreeni]][[pl:Migrena]][[tr:Migren]][[sv:Migrän]][[zh:偏頭痛]]
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| {{WH}}{{WS}} | | {{WH}}{{WS}} |
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| [[Category:Migraine|*]] | | [[Category:Migraine]] |
| [[Category:Neurology]] | | [[Category:Neurology]] |
| [[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
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| [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] |
| [[Category:Overview complete]]
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| [[Category:Disease]] | | [[Category:Disease]] |
| | [[Category:Headaches]] |
| | [[Category:Head and neck]] |