Methazolamide: Difference between revisions

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|indication=
|indication=


ocular conditions where lowering intraocular pressure is likely to be of therapeutic benefit, such as chronic open-angle glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and preoperatively in acute angle-closure glaucoma where lowering the intraocular pressure is desired before surgery.
ocular conditions where lowering [[intraocular pressure]] is likely to be of therapeutic benefit, such as chronic [[open-angle glaucoma]], secondary [[glaucoma]], and preoperatively in acute [[angle-closure glaucoma]] where lowering the [[intraocular pressure]] is desired before [[surgery]]


|hasBlackBoxWarning=
|hasBlackBoxWarning=
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* Dosing Information
* Dosing Information


:* Dosage
:* '''50–100 mg two or three times daily'''
 
=====Condition2=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* Dosage
 
=====Condition3=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* Dosage
 
=====Condition4=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* Dosage


<!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)-->
<!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)-->
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|offLabelAdultGuideSupport=
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport=
=====Condition1=====
* Developed by:
* Class of Recommendation:
* Strength of Evidence:
* Dosing Information
:* Dosage
=====Condition2=====


There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
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|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=
=====Condition1=====
* Dosing Information
:* Dosage
=====Condition2=====


There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
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|fdaLIADPed=
|fdaLIADPed=


=====Condition1=====
* The safety and effectiveness of methazolamide in children have not been established.
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* Dosage
 
=====Condition2=====
 
There is limited information regarding <i>FDA-Labeled Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.


<!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
<!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
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|offLabelPedGuideSupport=
|offLabelPedGuideSupport=
=====Condition1=====
* Developed by:
* Class of Recommendation:
* Strength of Evidence:
* Dosing Information
:* Dosage
=====Condition2=====


There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
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|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=
|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=
=====Condition1=====
* Dosing Information
:* Dosage
=====Condition2=====


There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
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|contraindications=
|contraindications=


* Condition1
* Methazolamide therapy is contraindicated in situations in which [[sodium]] and/or [[potassium]] serum levels are depressed, in cases of marked kidney or [[liver disease]] or dysfunction, in [[adrenal gland]] failure, and in [[hyperchloremic acidosis]].
* In patients with [[cirrhosis]], use may precipitate the development of [[hepatic encephalopathy]].
* Long-term administration of methazolamide is contraindicated in patients with [[angle-closure glaucoma]], since organic closure of the angle may occur in spite of lowered [[intraocular pressure]].


<!--Warnings-->
<!--Warnings-->
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|warnings=
|warnings=


* Description
* Fatalities have occurred, although rarely, due to severe reactions to sulfonamides including [[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]], [[toxic epidermal necrolysis]], fulminant hepatic [[necrosis]], [[agranulocytosis]], [[aplastic anemia]], and other blood [[dyscrasia]]s. [[Hypersensitivity]] reactions may recur when a [[sulfonamide]] is readministered, irrespective of the route of administration.
* If [[hypersensitivity]] or other serious reactions occur, the use of this drug should be discontinued.
* Caution is advised for patients receiving high-dose [[aspirin]] and methazolamide concomitantly, as [[anorexia]], [[tachypnea]], [[lethargy]], [[coma]], and death have been reported with concomitant use of high-dose [[aspirin]] and [[carbonic anhydrase]] [[inhibitor]]s.


====Precautions====
====Precautions====


* Description
* [[Potassium]] excretion is increased initially upon administration of methazolamide and in patients with [[cirrhosis]] or hepatic insufficiency could precipitate a [[hepatic coma]].
* In patients with pulmonary obstruction or [[emphysema]], where alveolar ventilation may be impaired, methazolamide should be used with caution because it may precipitate or aggravate [[acidosis]].
 
=====Laboratory Tests=====
 
* To monitor for hematologic reactions common to all [[sulfonamide]]s, it is recommended that a baseline [[CBC]] and [[platelet]] count be obtained on patients prior to initiating methazolamide therapy and at regular intervals during therapy. If significant changes occur, early discontinuance and institution of appropriate therapy are important. Periodic monitoring of serum [[electrolyte]]s is also recommended.


<!--Adverse Reactions-->
<!--Adverse Reactions-->
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There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Trial Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Trial Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
======Central Nervous System======
======Cardiovascular======
======Respiratory======
======Gastrointestinal======
======Hypersensitivity======
======Miscellaneous======


<!--Postmarketing Experience-->
<!--Postmarketing Experience-->
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|postmarketing=
|postmarketing=


There is limited information regarding <i>Postmarketing Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
* [[Adverse reaction]]s, occurring most often early in therapy, include [[paresthesia]]s, particularly a “tingling” feeling in the extremities; hearing dysfunction or [[tinnitus]]; [[fatigue]]; [[malaise]]; [[loss of appetite]]; [[taste alteration]]; gastrointestinal disturbances such as [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], and [[diarrhea]]; [[polyuria]]; and occasional instances of [[drowsiness]] and [[confusion]].
 
* [[Metabolic acidosis]] and [[electrolyte imbalance]] may occur.
======Central Nervous System======
* Transient [[myopia]] has been reported. This condition invariably subsides upon diminution or discontinuance of the medication.
 
* Other occasional adverse reactions include [[urticaria]], [[melena]], [[hematuria]], [[glycosuria]], [[hepatic insufficiency]], [[flaccid paralysis]], [[photosensitivity]], [[convulsions]], and, rarely, [[crystalluria]] and [[renal calculi]].
 
* Fatalities have occurred, although rarely, due to severe reactions to [[sulfonamide]]s including [[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]], [[toxic epidermal necrolysis]], fulminant hepatic [[necrosis]], [[agranulocytosis]], [[aplastic anemia]], and other blood [[dyscrasia]]s.
 
======Cardiovascular======
 
 
 
======Respiratory======
 
 
 
======Gastrointestinal======
 
 
 
======Hypersensitivity======
 
 
 
======Miscellaneous======
 
 


<!--Drug Interactions-->
<!--Drug Interactions-->
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|drugInteractions=
|drugInteractions=


* Drug
* [[Steroids]]
:* Description
:* Methazolamide should be used with caution in patients on [[steroid]] therapy because of the potential for developing [[hypokalemia]].
* [[Aspirin]]
:* Caution is advised for patients receiving high-dose [[aspirin]] and methazolamide concomitantly, as [[anorexia]], [[tachypnea]], [[lethargy]], [[coma]] and death have been reported with concomitant use of high-dose [[aspirin]] and [[carbonic anhydrase]] [[inhibitor]]s.


<!--Use in Specific Populations-->
<!--Use in Specific Populations-->


|useInPregnancyFDA=
|useInPregnancyFDA=
* '''Pregnancy Category'''
* '''Pregnancy Category C'''
:* Methazolamide has been shown to be teratogenic (skeletal anomalies) in rats when given in doses approximately 40 times the human dose. There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women. Methazolamide should be used during [[pregnancy]] only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the [[fetus]].


|useInPregnancyAUS=
|useInPregnancyAUS=
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|useInNursing=
|useInNursing=
There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to nursing mothers.
 
* It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from methazolamide, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.


|useInPed=
|useInPed=
There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to pediatric patients.
* The safety and effectiveness of methazolamide in children have not been established.


|useInGeri=
|useInGeri=
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* Oral
* Oral
* Intravenous


|monitoring=
|monitoring=


There is limited information regarding <i>Monitoring</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
* It is recommended that a baseline [[CBC]] and [[platelet]] count be obtained on patients prior to initiating methazolamide therapy and at regular intervals during therapy. If significant changes occur, early discontinuance and institution of appropriate therapy are important. Periodic monitoring of serum [[electrolyte]]s is also recommended.
 
=====Condition1=====
 
* Description


<!--IV Compatibility-->
<!--IV Compatibility-->
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====Signs and Symptoms====
====Signs and Symptoms====


* Description
* No data are available regarding methazolamide overdosage in humans as no cases of acute poisoning with this drug have been reported. Animal data suggest that even a high dose of methazolamide is nontoxic.
* [[Electrolyte imbalance]], development of an [[acidosis|acidotic]] state, and [[central nervous system]] effects might be expected to occur. Serum [[electrolyte]] levels (particularly [[potassium]]) and blood pH levels should be monitored.


====Management====
====Management====


* Description
* No specific antidote is known. Treatment should be symptomatic and supportive.


===Chronic Overdose===
===Chronic Overdose===
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|mechAction=
|mechAction=


*  
* Methazolamide is a potent [[inhibitor]] of [[carbonic anhydrase]].


<!--Structure-->
<!--Structure-->
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|structure=
|structure=


*  
* Methazolamide, a [[sulfonamide]] derivative, is a white crystalline powder, weakly acidic, slightly soluble in water, alcohol and acetone. The chemical name for methazolamide is: N-[5-(aminosulfonyl)-3-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazo1-2(3H)-ylidene]-acetamide and it has the following structural formula:


: [[File:{{PAGENAME}}01.png|thumb|none|600px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
: [[File:{{PAGENAME}}01.png|thumb|none|600px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
* Each tablet, for oral administration, contains 25 mg or 50 mg methazolamide. In addition, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, magnesium stearate (powder), and microcrystalline cellulose.


<!--Pharmacodynamics-->
<!--Pharmacodynamics-->
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|PD=
|PD=


There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacodynamics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
* Methazolamide is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations are observed 1 to 2 hours after dosing. In a multiple-dose, pharmacokinetic study, administration of methazolamide 25 mg bid, 50 mg bid, and 100 mg bid demonstrated a linear relationship between plasma methazolamide levels and methazolamide dose. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) for the 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg bid regimens were 2.5 mcg/mL, 5.1 mcg/mL, and 10.7 mcg/mL, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) was 1130 mcg.min/mL, 2571 mcg.min/mL, and 5418 mcg.min/mL for the 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg dosage regimens, respectively.
 
* Methazolamide is distributed throughout the body including the [[plasma]], [[cerebrospinal fluid]], [[aqueous humor]] of the eye, [[red blood cell]]s, bile and extra-cellular fluid. The mean apparent volume of distribution (Varea/F) ranges from 17 L to 23 L. Approximately 55% is bound to plasma proteins. The steady-state methazolamide red blood cell:plasma ratio varies with dose and was found to be 27:1, 16:1, and 10:1 following the administration of methazolamide 25 mg bid, 50 mg bid, and 100 mg bid, respectively.
 
* The mean steady-state plasma elimination half-life for methazolamide is approximately 14 hours. At steady-state, approximately 25% of the dose is recovered unchanged in the urine over the dosing interval. Renal clearance accounts for 20% to 25% of the total clearance of drug. After repeated bid-tid dosing, methazolamide accumulates to steady-state concentrations in 7 days.
 
* Methazolamide's inhibitory action on [[carbonic anhydrase]] decreases the secretion of [[aqueous humor]] and results in a decrease in intraocular pressure. The onset of the decrease in [[intraocular pressure]] generally occurs within 2 to 4 hours, has a peak effect in 6 to 8 hours and a total duration of 10 to 18 hours.
 
* Methazolamide is a [[sulfonamide]] derivative; however, it does not have any clinically significant antimicrobial properties. Although methazolamide achieves a high concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid, it is not considered an effective anticonvulsant


<!--Pharmacokinetics-->
<!--Pharmacokinetics-->
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|PK=
|PK=


There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacokinetics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
* Methazolamide has a weak and transient [[diuretic]] effect; therefore, use results in an increase in urinary volume, with excretion of [[sodium]], [[potassium]], and [[chloride]]. The drug should not be used as a [[diuretic]]. Inhibition of renal [[bicarbonate]] reabsorption produces an alkaline urine. Plasma [[bicarbonate]] decreases, and a relative, transient [[metabolic acidosis]] may occur due to a disequilibrium in [[carbon dioxide]] transport in the [[red blood cell]]. Urinary [[citrate]] excretion is decreased by approximately 40% after doses of 100 mg every 8 hours. [[Uric acid]] output has been shown to decrease 36% in the first 24 hour period.


<!--Nonclinical Toxicology-->
<!--Nonclinical Toxicology-->
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|nonClinToxic=
|nonClinToxic=


There is limited information regarding <i>Nonclinical Toxicology</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
* [[Carcinogenesis]], Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
:* Long-term studies in animals to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of methazolamide and its effect on fertility have not been conducted. Methazolamide was not mutagenic in the Ames bacterial test.


<!--Clinical Studies-->
<!--Clinical Studies-->
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There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Studies</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Studies</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
=====Condition1=====
* Description


<!--How Supplied-->
<!--How Supplied-->
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|howSupplied=
|howSupplied=


*  
* Methazolamide Tablets USP, 25 mg, are round, white tablets, debossed “EFF” on one side and “21” on the other side and are supplied in bottles of 100, NDC 55806-021-03.
* Methazolamide Tablets USP, 50 mg, are round, white, scored tablets debossed “EFF” on one side and “20” on the other side and are supplied in bottles of 100, NDC 55806-020-03.
* Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).
* Dispense in a tight container as defined in the USP, with a child-resistant closure (as required).


<!--Patient Counseling Information-->
<!--Patient Counseling Information-->
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|alcohol=
|alcohol=


* Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
* Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
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* Neptazane®
* Neptazane®
* Glauctabs®<ref>{{Cite web | title =  | url =  }}</ref>
* Glauctabs®


<!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->
<!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->
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|lookAlike=
|lookAlike=


* A® — B®<ref name="www.ismp.org">{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = http://www.ismp.org | url = http://www.ismp.org | publisher =  | date =  }}</ref>
* N/A<ref name="www.ismp.org">{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = http://www.ismp.org | url = http://www.ismp.org | publisher =  | date =  }}</ref>


<!--Drug Shortage Status-->
<!--Drug Shortage Status-->
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{{LabelImage
{{LabelImage
|fileName={{PAGENAME}}11.png|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
|fileName={{PAGENAME}}02.png|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
}}
 
{{LabelImage
|fileName={{PAGENAME}}03.png|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
}}
}}


{{LabelImage
{{LabelImage
|fileName={{PAGENAME}}11.png|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
|fileName={{PAGENAME}}04.png|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
}}
}}



Latest revision as of 19:32, 15 July 2014

Methazolamide
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gerald Chi

Disclaimer

WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiDoc drug pages is based upon the FDA package insert, National Library of Medicine content and practice guidelines / consensus statements. WikiDoc does not promote the administration of any medication or device that is not consistent with its labeling. Please read our full disclaimer here.

Overview

Methazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is FDA approved for the {{{indicationType}}} of ocular conditions where lowering intraocular pressure is likely to be of therapeutic benefit, such as chronic open-angle glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and preoperatively in acute angle-closure glaucoma where lowering the intraocular pressure is desired before surgery. Common adverse reactions include diarrhea, taste alterations, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, confusion, paresthesia, somnolence, polyuria, fatigue, and malaise.

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Glaucoma
  • Dosing Information
  • 50–100 mg two or three times daily

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Methazolamide in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Methazolamide in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

  • The safety and effectiveness of methazolamide in children have not been established.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Methazolamide in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Methazolamide in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

Warnings

Precautions

  • Potassium excretion is increased initially upon administration of methazolamide and in patients with cirrhosis or hepatic insufficiency could precipitate a hepatic coma.
  • In patients with pulmonary obstruction or emphysema, where alveolar ventilation may be impaired, methazolamide should be used with caution because it may precipitate or aggravate acidosis.
Laboratory Tests
  • To monitor for hematologic reactions common to all sulfonamides, it is recommended that a baseline CBC and platelet count be obtained on patients prior to initiating methazolamide therapy and at regular intervals during therapy. If significant changes occur, early discontinuance and institution of appropriate therapy are important. Periodic monitoring of serum electrolytes is also recommended.

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Methazolamide in the drug label.

Postmarketing Experience

Drug Interactions

  • Methazolamide should be used with caution in patients on steroid therapy because of the potential for developing hypokalemia.

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA):

  • Pregnancy Category C
  • Methazolamide has been shown to be teratogenic (skeletal anomalies) in rats when given in doses approximately 40 times the human dose. There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women. Methazolamide should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.


Pregnancy Category (AUS):

  • Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category

There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Methazolamide in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Methazolamide during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

  • It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from methazolamide, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Pediatric Use

  • The safety and effectiveness of methazolamide in children have not been established.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Methazolamide with respect to geriatric patients.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Methazolamide with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Methazolamide with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Methazolamide in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Methazolamide in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Methazolamide in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Methazolamide in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

  • Oral

Monitoring

  • It is recommended that a baseline CBC and platelet count be obtained on patients prior to initiating methazolamide therapy and at regular intervals during therapy. If significant changes occur, early discontinuance and institution of appropriate therapy are important. Periodic monitoring of serum electrolytes is also recommended.

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding IV Compatibility of Methazolamide in the drug label.

Overdosage

Acute Overdose

Signs and Symptoms

  • No data are available regarding methazolamide overdosage in humans as no cases of acute poisoning with this drug have been reported. Animal data suggest that even a high dose of methazolamide is nontoxic.
  • Electrolyte imbalance, development of an acidotic state, and central nervous system effects might be expected to occur. Serum electrolyte levels (particularly potassium) and blood pH levels should be monitored.

Management

  • No specific antidote is known. Treatment should be symptomatic and supportive.

Chronic Overdose

There is limited information regarding Chronic Overdose of Methazolamide in the drug label.

Pharmacology

Template:Px
Methazolamide
Systematic (IUPAC) name
N-(3-methyl-5-sulfamoyl-3H- 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylidene) ethanamide
Identifiers
CAS number 554-57-4
ATC code S01EC05
PubChem 4100
DrugBank APRD00740
Chemical data
Formula Template:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox 
Mol. mass 236.274 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability ?
Protein binding 55%
Metabolism ?
Half life 14 hours
Excretion ?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

C(US)

Legal status

[[Prescription drug|Template:Unicode-only]](US)

Routes Oral

Mechanism of Action

Structure

  • Methazolamide, a sulfonamide derivative, is a white crystalline powder, weakly acidic, slightly soluble in water, alcohol and acetone. The chemical name for methazolamide is: N-[5-(aminosulfonyl)-3-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazo1-2(3H)-ylidene]-acetamide and it has the following structural formula:
This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
  • Each tablet, for oral administration, contains 25 mg or 50 mg methazolamide. In addition, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, magnesium stearate (powder), and microcrystalline cellulose.

Pharmacodynamics

  • Methazolamide is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations are observed 1 to 2 hours after dosing. In a multiple-dose, pharmacokinetic study, administration of methazolamide 25 mg bid, 50 mg bid, and 100 mg bid demonstrated a linear relationship between plasma methazolamide levels and methazolamide dose. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) for the 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg bid regimens were 2.5 mcg/mL, 5.1 mcg/mL, and 10.7 mcg/mL, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) was 1130 mcg.min/mL, 2571 mcg.min/mL, and 5418 mcg.min/mL for the 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg dosage regimens, respectively.
  • Methazolamide is distributed throughout the body including the plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humor of the eye, red blood cells, bile and extra-cellular fluid. The mean apparent volume of distribution (Varea/F) ranges from 17 L to 23 L. Approximately 55% is bound to plasma proteins. The steady-state methazolamide red blood cell:plasma ratio varies with dose and was found to be 27:1, 16:1, and 10:1 following the administration of methazolamide 25 mg bid, 50 mg bid, and 100 mg bid, respectively.
  • The mean steady-state plasma elimination half-life for methazolamide is approximately 14 hours. At steady-state, approximately 25% of the dose is recovered unchanged in the urine over the dosing interval. Renal clearance accounts for 20% to 25% of the total clearance of drug. After repeated bid-tid dosing, methazolamide accumulates to steady-state concentrations in 7 days.
  • Methazolamide's inhibitory action on carbonic anhydrase decreases the secretion of aqueous humor and results in a decrease in intraocular pressure. The onset of the decrease in intraocular pressure generally occurs within 2 to 4 hours, has a peak effect in 6 to 8 hours and a total duration of 10 to 18 hours.
  • Methazolamide is a sulfonamide derivative; however, it does not have any clinically significant antimicrobial properties. Although methazolamide achieves a high concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid, it is not considered an effective anticonvulsant

Pharmacokinetics

Nonclinical Toxicology

  • Long-term studies in animals to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of methazolamide and its effect on fertility have not been conducted. Methazolamide was not mutagenic in the Ames bacterial test.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Clinical Studies of Methazolamide in the drug label.

How Supplied

  • Methazolamide Tablets USP, 25 mg, are round, white tablets, debossed “EFF” on one side and “21” on the other side and are supplied in bottles of 100, NDC 55806-021-03.
  • Methazolamide Tablets USP, 50 mg, are round, white, scored tablets debossed “EFF” on one side and “20” on the other side and are supplied in bottles of 100, NDC 55806-020-03.
  • Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).
  • Dispense in a tight container as defined in the USP, with a child-resistant closure (as required).

Storage

There is limited information regarding Methazolamide Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Methazolamide |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}

Package and Label Display Panel

{{#ask: Label Page::Methazolamide |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}

Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Patient Counseling Information of Methazolamide in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

  • Alcohol-Methazolamide interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

  • Neptazane®
  • Glauctabs®

Look-Alike Drug Names

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

  1. "http://www.ismp.org". External link in |title= (help)


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