Metabolic alkalosis causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
OR
Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
OR
The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
OR
The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.
Causes
- Urine chloride is used to narrow down the differential diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis.
Low urine chloride (<10mEq/dl)
- Patients with low urine chloride and metabolic alkalosis respond well to treatment with volume repletion with saline, thus these conditions are often referred as saline-responsive metabolic alkalosis. Some conditions of volume depletions are:
- Vomiting,
- Nasogastric tube suction
- Over diuresis
- Other condition with similar presentation but without volume depletion is hypercapnia
Normal urine chloride (> 10mEQ/dL)
- With hypertension
- Cushing's syndrome,
- Primary aldosteronism (Conn's syndrome),
- Renal artery stenosis
- Renal failure + excess supplemented alkali
- Without hypertension
- Hypomagnesemia
- Hypokalemia,
- Bartter's syndrome (defect of sodium chloride resorption),
- Licorice ingestion (increases cortisol)