Metabolic alkalosis: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 44: Line 44:
It is the most common acid-base disorder seen in hospital in the United States.
It is the most common acid-base disorder seen in hospital in the United States.
==Differential diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis==
==Differential diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis==
* Urine chloride is used to narrow down the differential of metabolic alkalosis.
* Low chloride defined is defined as chloride (<10mEq/dl) and is found in conditions: vomiting, NG suction, and over diuresis.


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 21:31, 2 September 2012

Metabolic alkalosis
ICD-10 E87.3
ICD-9 276.3
DiseasesDB 402

WikiDoc Resources for Metabolic alkalosis

Articles

Most recent articles on Metabolic alkalosis

Most cited articles on Metabolic alkalosis

Review articles on Metabolic alkalosis

Articles on Metabolic alkalosis in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Metabolic alkalosis

Images of Metabolic alkalosis

Photos of Metabolic alkalosis

Podcasts & MP3s on Metabolic alkalosis

Videos on Metabolic alkalosis

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Metabolic alkalosis

Bandolier on Metabolic alkalosis

TRIP on Metabolic alkalosis

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Metabolic alkalosis at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Metabolic alkalosis

Clinical Trials on Metabolic alkalosis at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Metabolic alkalosis

NICE Guidance on Metabolic alkalosis

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Metabolic alkalosis

CDC on Metabolic alkalosis

Books

Books on Metabolic alkalosis

News

Metabolic alkalosis in the news

Be alerted to news on Metabolic alkalosis

News trends on Metabolic alkalosis

Commentary

Blogs on Metabolic alkalosis

Definitions

Definitions of Metabolic alkalosis

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Metabolic alkalosis

Discussion groups on Metabolic alkalosis

Patient Handouts on Metabolic alkalosis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Metabolic alkalosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Metabolic alkalosis

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Metabolic alkalosis

Causes & Risk Factors for Metabolic alkalosis

Diagnostic studies for Metabolic alkalosis

Treatment of Metabolic alkalosis

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Metabolic alkalosis

International

Metabolic alkalosis en Espanol

Metabolic alkalosis en Francais

Business

Metabolic alkalosis in the Marketplace

Patents on Metabolic alkalosis

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Metabolic alkalosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Metabolic alkalosis is an elevation of the pH in the bloodstream which results from decreased hydrogen ion concentration leading to increased bicarbonate and carbon dioxide concentrations, or alternatively a direct result of increased bicarbonate concentrations.

Pathophysiology

Loss of hydrogen ions

GI loss

Renal

  • Over-diuresis
  • Hyperaldosteronism causing retention of sodium followed with compensatory excretion of hydrogen
  • Administration of non-resorbable anions such as, penicillin, carbenicillin, which complexs with positively-charged hydrogen ions in the renal tubules.

Increase in the serum bicarbonate

Shift of hydrogen ions into intracellular space

  • Seen in hypokalemia. Due to a low extracellular potassium concentration, potassium shifts out of the cells, and in order to maintain electrical neutrality, hydrogen shifts into the cells, leaving behind bicarbonate.

Contraction alkalosis

  • This results from a loss of water in the extracellular space which is poor in bicarbonate, typically from diuretic use. Since water is lost while bicarbonate is retained, the concentration of bicarbonate increases.

Compensation for Metabolic Alkalosis

The body attempts to compensate for the increase in pH by retaining carbon dioxide (CO2) through hypoventilation (respiratory compensation). CO2 combines with elements in the bloodstream to form carbonic acid, thus decreasing pH.

Renal compensation for metabolic alkalosis consists of increased excretion of HCO3- (bicarbonate), because the filtered load of HCO3- exceeds the ability of the renal tubule to reabsorb it.

Epidemiology and Demographics

It is the most common acid-base disorder seen in hospital in the United States.

Differential diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis

  • Urine chloride is used to narrow down the differential of metabolic alkalosis.
  • Low chloride defined is defined as chloride (<10mEq/dl) and is found in conditions: vomiting, NG suction, and over diuresis.

References


Template:WikiDoc Sources