Mesoderm

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Template:Infobox Embryology

Transverse section of a chick embryo of forty-five hours' incubation.
* Chordamesoderm: yellow, at the notochord.
* Paraxial mesoderm: red, comprising the somites.
* Intermediate mesoderm: purple, which includes the Wolffian duct.
* Lateral plate mesoderm: purple, comprising somatic and splanchic mesoderm.

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Overview

The germ layer mesoderm forms in the embryos of animals more complex than cnidarians, making them triploblastic. Mesoderm forms during gastrulation when some of the cells migrating inward to form the endoderm form an additional layer between the endoderm and the ectoderm.

This key innovation evolved hundreds of millions of years ago and led to the evolution of nearly all large, complex animals. The formation of a mesoderm led to the formation of a coelom. Organs formed inside a coelom (body cavity) can freely move, grow, and develop independently of the body wall while fluid cushions and protects them from shocks.

Categorizing animals

Not all triploblastic animals have a coelom, like the simplest animals with organs that form from three tissue layers: flatworms. Three different configurations of mesoderm in relation to ectoderm form a method of categorizing animals.

  • Acoelomates
    • no coelom
    • tissues and organs packed between gut and body wall
  • Pseudocoelomates
    • false coelom
    • unlined or partially lined body cavity between gut and body wall
  • Coelomates
    • proper coelom
    • lined cavity between gut and body wall

Derivatives

General

Note: Not all triploblasts produce all of the items listed.

Vertebrates

In addition to the general list, the mesoderm of a developing vertebrate differentiates into the following:

See also

Additional images

References

  • Evers, Christine A., Lisa Starr. Biology:Concepts and Applications. 6th ed. United States:Thomson, 2006. ISBN 0-534-46224-3.

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