Mesenteric ischemia history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

Overview

The hallmark of mesenteric ischemia is 'abdominal pain out of proportion to the examination findings'. A positive history of chronic heart disease, old age and is suggestive of mesenteric ischemia . The most common symptoms of mesenteric ischemia include excruciating abdominal pain, altered bowel movements, and .Symptoms of chronic mesenteric ischemia caused by atherosclerosis include abdominal pain after eating and diarrhea, while that of acute mesenteric artery ischemia due to an embolus include diarrhea, sudden severe abdominal pain, and vomiting.

History

Patients suffering from mesenteric ischemia may have a positive history of:

Personal history	Medical history	Surgical history	Family history
History of smoking High cholesterol level	Vasculitis Atrial fibrillation Irregular cardiac rythm disorders Malignancy		Family history of Deep venous thrombosis Pulmonary embolism

Symptoms

The severity and rapidity of mesenteric vessels occlusion determine the symptoms of mesenteric ischemia.

Systemic classification of acute and chronic mesenteric ischemia symptoms is as follows:

Acute mesentric ischemia			Chronic mesenteric ischemia
General symptoms	Gastrointestinal symptoms	Life threatening symptoms	General symptoms	Gastrointestinal symptoms
Malaise Nausea (44%) Fever Mental confusion Heart rate > 100 in 33%	Abdominal Pain:(present in 95% cases) Site: Onset: Sudden Character: Severity: Moderate to severe Urgency to bowel movements Vomiting (35%) Diarrhea (35%) Constipation Blood per rectum Abdominal distention Increased frequency of bowel movements		Nausea Bloating	Fullness after eating Worsening abdominal pain Aversion to eating Unintentional weight loss Diarrhea