Mental retardation differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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{{Mental retardation}}
[[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Mental_retardation]]


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== Differential Diagnosis ==
==Overview==
Intellectual disability must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[cognitive]] deficits such as [[neurocognitive]] disorders or [[brain]] injury, [[specific learning]] disorders, or [[genetic]] conditions that are characterized by [[mental retardation]].
 
==Differentiating [Disease name] from other Diseases==
#[[Neurocognitive disorders]] – there is loss of [[cognitive]] functioning in these cases.
#[[Specific learning disorder]] and [[language disorders]] – compared to individuals with ID, these individuals have [[deficits]] in [[communication]] and [[learning]] aspects but with [[normal]] [[intellect]] and [[adaptive]] [[function]].
#[[Autism spectrum disorder]] – [[social development]] and [[language]] [[deficits]] are the [[hallmark]] of [[autism]] spectrum patients and have [[normal]] [[motor]] [[development]].


In alphabetical order.<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref><ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>
Possible hearing and visual impairments should be ruled out in diagnosing intellectual disability. <ref name="PatelApple2018">{{cite journal|last1=Patel|first1=Dilip R.|last2=Apple|first2=Roger|last3=Kanungo|first3=Shibani|last4=Akkal|first4=Ashley|title=Intellectual disability: definitions, evaluation and principles of treatment|journal=Pediatric Medicine|volume=1|year=2018|pages=11–11|issn=26175428|doi=10.21037/pm.2018.12.02}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>


* Adrenoleukodystrophy
== Differential Diagnosis ==
* [[Angelman Syndrome]]
*[[Neurocognitive]] disorders <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>
* Autism spectrum disorder
*Communication Disorder <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>
* Communication disorders and specific learning disorder
* [[Specific Learning]] Disorder <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>
* Congenital hypothyroidism
* [[Autism Spectrum Disorder]] <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>
* [[Cri du chat syndrome]]
*[[Down Syndrome]] <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>
* [[Cytomegalovirus]]
*[[DiGeorge Syndrome]] <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>
* Deprivation syndrome
* [[Down's Syndrome]]
* [[Encephalitis]]
* [[Fragile X syndrome]]
* Galactosemia
* High bilirubin levels in babies
* [[HIV]] infection
* [[Hunter syndrome]]
* [[Hurler syndrome]]
* [[Ddx:Hypoglycemia|Hypoglycemia]]
* Idiopathic
* [[Ddx:Intracranial Bleeding|Intracranial hemorrhage]]
* Intrauterine exposure to toxins
* Lack of oxygen
* [[Lesch-Nyhan's syndrome]]
* Listeriosis
* Low socioeconomic status
* Major and mild neurocognitive disorders
* [[Meningitis]]
* Metachromatic leukodystrophy
* Phenylketonuria
* [[Prader-Willi Syndrome]]
* [[Rett Syndrome]]
* [[Reye's Syndrome]]
* [[Rubella]]
* [[Sanfilippo syndrome]]
* [[Toxoplasmosis]]
* Trauma after birth
* Trauma before birth
* Trauma during birth
* [[Tuberous Sclerosis]]


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:primary care]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Disability]]
[[Category:Disability]]

Revision as of 13:10, 19 July 2021

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chelsea Mae Nobleza, M.D.[2]

Overview

Intellectual disability must be differentiated from other diseases that cause cognitive deficits such as neurocognitive disorders or brain injury, specific learning disorders, or genetic conditions that are characterized by mental retardation.

Differentiating [Disease name] from other Diseases

  1. Neurocognitive disorders – there is loss of cognitive functioning in these cases.
  2. Specific learning disorder and language disorders – compared to individuals with ID, these individuals have deficits in communication and learning aspects but with normal intellect and adaptive function.
  3. Autism spectrum disorder – social development and language deficits are the hallmark of autism spectrum patients and have normal motor development.

Possible hearing and visual impairments should be ruled out in diagnosing intellectual disability. [1] [2]

Differential Diagnosis

References

  1. ↑ Patel, Dilip R.; Apple, Roger; Kanungo, Shibani; Akkal, Ashley (2018). "Intellectual disability: definitions, evaluation and principles of treatment". Pediatric Medicine. 1: 11–11. doi:10.21037/pm.2018.12.02. ISSN 2617-5428.
  2. ↑ "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.
  3. ↑ "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.
  4. ↑ "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.
  5. ↑ "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.
  6. ↑ "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.
  7. ↑ "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.
  8. ↑ "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.

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