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*Manage of other chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes Mellitus, chronic heart disease.<ref name="pmid29234814">{{cite journal| author=US Preventive Services Task Force. Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, Barry MJ, Davidson KW | display-authors=etal| title=Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. | journal=JAMA | year= 2017 | volume= 318 | issue= 22 | pages= 2224-2233 | pmid=29234814 | doi=10.1001/jama.2017.18261 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29234814  }} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=29554664 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2018 Mar 20;168(6):JC26] </ref><ref name="pmid24969415">{{cite journal| author=Lobo RA, Davis SR, De Villiers TJ, Gompel A, Henderson VW, Hodis HN | display-authors=etal| title=Prevention of diseases after menopause. | journal=Climacteric | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 5 | pages= 540-56 | pmid=24969415 | doi=10.3109/13697137.2014.933411 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24969415  }} </ref>
*Manage of other chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes Mellitus, chronic heart disease.<ref name="pmid29234814">{{cite journal| author=US Preventive Services Task Force. Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, Barry MJ, Davidson KW | display-authors=etal| title=Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. | journal=JAMA | year= 2017 | volume= 318 | issue= 22 | pages= 2224-2233 | pmid=29234814 | doi=10.1001/jama.2017.18261 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29234814  }} [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=29554664 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2018 Mar 20;168(6):JC26] </ref><ref name="pmid24969415">{{cite journal| author=Lobo RA, Davis SR, De Villiers TJ, Gompel A, Henderson VW, Hodis HN | display-authors=etal| title=Prevention of diseases after menopause. | journal=Climacteric | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 5 | pages= 540-56 | pmid=24969415 | doi=10.3109/13697137.2014.933411 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24969415  }} </ref>
*Manage postmenopausal bleeding
*Manage postmenopausal bleeding
*Eat  foods rich in calcium and vitamin D





Revision as of 16:43, 28 February 2021

Menopause Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Rahmah Al-Edresi, M.D.[2]

Overview

Primary Prevention

There are no primary preventive measures available for Natural menopause, but there are primary preventive measures available for early menopause include:

  • Stop smoking.
  • Treat menstrual disorders.
  • Regular exercise.
  • Maintain a normal weight.
  • Eat healthy foods especially those rich in phytoestrogen, vegetables, fruit, and avoid polyunsaturated fatty foods.
  • Avoid stress.[1]


Secondary Prevention

Secondary prevention strategies following menopause include

  • Hormonal Replacement Therapy, do not recommend for the prevention of chronic conditions associated with menopause, but some studies recommended HRT as a preventive strategy, but in low dose and short duration.
  • Manage of other chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes Mellitus, chronic heart disease.[2][3]
  • Manage postmenopausal bleeding
  • Eat foods rich in calcium and vitamin D













References

  1. Keller C, Fullerton J, Fleury J (1998). "Primary and secondary prevention strategies among older postmenopausal women". J Nurse Midwifery. 43 (4): 262–72. doi:10.1016/s0091-2182(98)00014-7. PMID 9718881.
  2. US Preventive Services Task Force. Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, Barry MJ, Davidson KW; et al. (2017). "Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement". JAMA. 318 (22): 2224–2233. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18261. PMID 29234814. Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2018 Mar 20;168(6):JC26
  3. Lobo RA, Davis SR, De Villiers TJ, Gompel A, Henderson VW, Hodis HN; et al. (2014). "Prevention of diseases after menopause". Climacteric. 17 (5): 540–56. doi:10.3109/13697137.2014.933411. PMID 24969415.


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