Meningitis

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Meningitis Main Page

Patient Information

Overview

Causes

Classification

Viral Meningitis
Bacterial Meningitis
Fungal Meningitis

Differential Diagnosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S

Synonyms and keywords: Leptomeningitis

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Based on time course and CSF profile meningitis is classified into[1]:

  1. Acute septic and aseptic meningitis
  2. Recurrent meningitis
  3. Chronic meningitis

Meningitis can also be classified based on the cause :

  1. Bacterial meningitis
  2. Viral meningitis
  3. Fungal meningitis
  4. Parasitic meningitis
  5. Non infectious meningitis

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Meningitis from other Diseases

  • Brain abcess - Brain abcess is a focal infection of the brain parenchyma commonly caused by bacteria, fungal and parasitic pathogens. Imaging and neurosurgical aspiration is required for is differentiation in addition to CSF profile.
  • Encepahlitis - Encephatlitis is the inflammation of brain. Meningitis can itself cause encephalitis and is called meningoencephalitis. The symptoms appear gradually in encephalitis but occur abruptly in meningitis.
  • Delirium tremens - Delirium tremens and alcohol withdrawal should be differentiated from meningitis especially when present with confusion and fever. Both the conditions can coexist.
  • Brain tumour - Brain tumours can simulate purulent meningitis with symptoms fever, signs of meningeal irritation and markrd CSF pleocytosis. Irritation of leptomeninges by tumour and its breakdown products causes these symptoms[2]. Determination of creatine kinase BB and carcinoembryonic antigen helps in differentiating.[3]

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | CT | Lumbar Puncture | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related chapters

Template:Diseases of the nervous system

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Template:WikiDoc Sources

  1. Coyle PK (1999). "Overview of acute and chronic meningitis". Neurol Clin. 17 (4): 691–710. PMID 10517924. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Soffer D (1976). "Brain tumors simulating purulent meningitis". Eur. Neurol. 14 (3): 192–7. PMID 1278192.
  3. Terheggen HG (1985). "[CNS tumors with the clinical picture of meningitis]". Monatsschr Kinderheilkd (in German). 133 (1): 13–9. PMID 3883130. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)