Mediastinitis: Difference between revisions

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{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
__NOTOC__
  Name          = Mediastinitis |
{{Mediastinitis}}
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|J|98|5|j|95}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|519.2}} |
  ICDO          = |
  Image          = |
  Caption        = |
  OMIM          = |
  MedlinePlus    = 000081 |
  DiseasesDB    = 7909 |
  MeshID        = D008480 |
}}
{{Search infobox}}


'''For patient  information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient  information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''


{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AG}}


==Overview==
{{SK}} Fibrosing mediastinitis; Sclerosing mediastinitis; Acute mediastinitis; Chronic mediastinitis; Descending necrotizing mediastinitis


'''Mediastinitis''' is [[inflammation]] of the tissues in the mid-chest, or [[mediastinum]].  It can be either [[Acute (medical)|acute]] or [[Chronic (medicine)|chronic]].
== [[Mediastinitis overview|Overview]] ==


Acute mediastinitis is usually bacterial and due to rupture of organs in the mediastinum. As the infection can progress rapidly, this is considered a serious condition.  Chronic [[sclerosis|sclerosing]] (or [[fibrosis|fibrosing]]) mediastinitis, while potentially serious, is caused by a long-standing inflammation of the mediastinum, leading to growth of acellular collagen and fibrous tissue within the chest and around the central vessels and airways.  It has a different cause, treatment, and prognosis than acute infectious mediastinitis.
== [[Mediastinitis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]] ==


==Causes==
== [[Mediastinitis classification|Classification]] ==
===Acute===
Before the development of modern [[cardiovascular surgery]], cases of acute mediastinitis usually arose from either [[perforation]] of the [[esophagus]] or from contiguous spread of [[Dental caries|odontogenic]] or [[Retropharyngeal space|retropharyngeal]] infections. However, in modern practice, most cases of acute mediastinitis result from [[Complication (medicine)|complications]] of cardiovascular or endoscopic surgical procedures. 


Treatment usually involves aggressive intravenous antibiotic therapy and hydration.  If discrete fluid collections (such as abscesses) have formed, they may have to be surgically drained.
== [[Mediastinitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] ==


===Chronic===
== [[Mediastinitis causes|Causes]] ==
Chronic medistinitis is usually a radiologic diagnosis manifested by diffuse fibrosis of the soft tissues of the mediastinum.  This is sometimes the consequence of prior granulomatous disease, most commonly [[histoplasmosis]].  Other identifiable causes include [[tuberculosis]] and [[radiation]] therapy.  Fibrosing mediastinitis most frequently causes problems by constricting blood vessels or airways in the mediastinum.  This may result in such complications as [[superior vena cava syndrome]] or [[pulmonary edema]] from compression of pulmonary veins. 


==Treatment==
== [[Mediastinitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Mediastinitis from other Diseases]] ==
Treatment for chronic fibrosing mediastinitis is somewhat controversial, and may include steroids or surgical decompression of affected vessels.


==External links==
== [[Mediastinitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] ==
* {{GPnotebook|-6684651}}
* {{MeshName|Mediastinitis}}
*[http://www.fibrosing-mediastinitis.com/ Fibrosing Mediastinitis]
*[http://www.fibrosingmediastinitis.org/ Fibrosing Mediastinitis Jason's Site]


== [[Mediastinitis risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==
== [[Mediastinitis screening|Screening]] ==
== [[Mediastinitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis]] ==
== Diagnosis ==
[[Mediastinitis diagnostic criteria|Diagnostic Criteria]] | [[Mediastinitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Mediastinitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Mediastinitis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Mediastinitis chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Mediastinitis CT|CT]] | [[Mediastinitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Mediastinitis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]]
== Treatment ==
[[Mediastinitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Mediastinitis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Mediastinitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Mediastinitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Mediastinitis cost-effectiveness of therapy| Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Mediastinitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
==Case Studies==
[[Mediastinitis case study one|Case #1]]


{{Respiratory pathology}}
{{Respiratory pathology}}
{{SIB}}


[[de:Mediastinitis]]
 
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[[Category:Diseases]]
 
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Thorax]]
[[Category:Thorax]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[pl:Zapalenie śródpiersia]]

Latest revision as of 18:02, 18 September 2017

Mediastinitis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Mediastinitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Mediastinitis On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Mediastinitis

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Mediastinitis

CDC on Mediastinitis

Mediastinitis in the news

Blogs on Mediastinitis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Mediastinitis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Mediastinitis

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anthony Gallo, B.S. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Fibrosing mediastinitis; Sclerosing mediastinitis; Acute mediastinitis; Chronic mediastinitis; Descending necrotizing mediastinitis

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Mediastinitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Template:Respiratory pathology


Template:WikiDoc Sources

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