Mecamylamine

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Mecamylamine
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gerald Chi

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Overview

Mecamylamine is a autonomic ganglionic blocker that is FDA approved for the {{{indicationType}}} of moderately severe to severe essential hypertension and uncomplicated cases of malignant hypertension. Common adverse reactions include orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting.

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Essential Hypertension and Malignant Hypertension
  • Administration of Mecamylamine HCl after meals may cause a more gradual absorption and smoother control of excessively high blood pressure. The timing of doses in relation to meals should be consistent. Since the blood pressure response to antihypertensive drugs is increased in the early morning, the larger dose should be given at noontime and perhaps in the evening. The morning dose, as a rule, should be relatively small and in some instances may even be omitted.
  • The initial regulation of dosage should be determined by blood pressure readings in the erect position at the time of maximal effect of the drug, as well as by other signs and symptoms of orthostatic hypotension.
  • The effective maintenance dosage should be regulated by blood pressure readings in the erect position and by limitation of dosage to that which causes slight faintness or dizziness in this position. If the patient or a relative can use a sphygmomanometer, instructions may be given to reduce or omit a dose if readings fall below a designated level or if faintness or lightheadedness occurs. However, no change should be instituted without the knowledge of the physician.
  • Close supervision and education of the patient, as well as critical adjustment of dosage, are essential to successful therapy.
  • Other Antihypertensive Agents
  • When Mecamylamine HCl is given with other antihypertensive drugs, the dosage of these other agents, as well as that of Mecamylamine HCl, should be reduced to avoid excessive hypotension. However, thiazides should be continued in their usual dosage, while that of Mecamylamine HCl is decreased by at least 50 percent.
  • Dosing Information
  • Initial Dosage: 2.5 mg PO bid
  • This initial dosage should be modified by increments of one 2.5 mg tablet at intervals of not less than 2 days until the desired blood pressure response occurs (the criterion being a dosage just under that which causes signs of mild postural hypotension).
  • Maintenance Dosage: 25 mg/day PO tid
  • However, as little as 2.5 mg daily may be sufficient to control hypertension in some patients. A range of two to four or even more doses may be required in severe cases when smooth control is difficult to obtain. In severe or urgent cases, larger increments at smaller intervals may be needed. Partial tolerance may develop in certain patients, requiring an increase in the daily dosage of Mecamylamine HCl.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Mecamylamine in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Mecamylamine in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

  • Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Mecamylamine in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Mecamylamine in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

  • Mecamylamine HCl should not be used in mild, moderate, labile hypertension and may prove unsuitable in uncooperative patients.
  • Mecamylamine HCl should be given with great discretion, if at all, when renal insufficiency is manifested by a rising or elevated BUN. The drug is contraindicated in uremia.

Warnings

  • Mecamylamine, a secondary amine, readily penetrates into the brain and thus may produce central nervous system effects. Tremor, choreiform movements, mental aberrations, and convulsions may occur rarely. These have occurred most often when large doses of Mecamylamine HCl were used, especially in patients with cerebral or renal insufficiency.

Precautions

  • The patient's condition should be evaluated carefully, particularly as to renal and cardiovascular function. When renal, cerebral, or coronary blood flow is deficient, any additional impairment, which might result from added hypotension, must be avoided. The use of Mecamylamine HCl in patients with marked cerebral and coronary arteriosclerosis or after a recent cerebral accident requires caution.
  • During therapy with Mecamylamine HCl, sodium intake should not be restricted but, if necessary, the dosage of the ganglionic blocker must be adjusted.
  • Frequent loose bowel movements with abdominal distention and decreased borborygmi may be the first signs of paralytic ileus. If these are present, Mecamylamine HCl should be discontinued immediately and remedial steps taken.

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Mecamylamine in the drug label.

Postmarketing Experience

  • The following adverse reactions have been reported and within each category are listed in order of decreasing severity.
Neurologic

Convulsions, choreiform movements, mental aberrations, tremor, and paresthesias

Cardiovascular

Orthostatic dizziness and syncope, postural hypotension.

Respiratory

Interstitial pulmonary edema and fibrosis.

Gastrointestinal

Ileus, constipation (sometimes preceded by small, frequent liquid stools), vomiting, nausea, anorexia, glossitis and dryness of mouth.

Urogenital

Urinary retention, impotence, decreased libido.

Special Senses

Blurred vision, dilated pupils.

Miscellaneous

Weakness, fatigue, sedation.

Drug Interactions

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA):

  • Pregnancy Category C
  • Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Mecamylamine HCl. It is not known whether Mecamylamine HCl can cause fetal harm when given to a pregnant woman or can affect reproductive capacity. Mecamylamine HCl should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.


Pregnancy Category (AUS):

  • Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category

There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Mecamylamine in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Mecamylamine during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

  • Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Mecamylamine HCl, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Pediatric Use

  • Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Mecamylamine with respect to geriatric patients.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Mecamylamine with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Mecamylamine with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Mecamylamine in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Mecamylamine in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Mecamylamine in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Mecamylamine in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

  • Oral

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Monitoring of Mecamylamine in the drug label.

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding IV Compatibility of Mecamylamine in the drug label.

Overdosage

Acute Overdose

Signs and Symptoms

Chronic Overdose

There is limited information regarding Chronic Overdose of Mecamylamine in the drug label.

Pharmacology

Template:Px
Mecamylamine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(1S,2R,4R)-N,2,3,3-tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-amine
Identifiers
CAS number 60-40-2
ATC code C02BB01
PubChem 4032
DrugBank DB00657
Chemical data
Formula Template:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox 
Mol. mass 167.291 g/mol
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability ?
Protein binding 40%
Metabolism ?
Half life ?
Excretion ?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

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Legal status

Template:Unicode Prescription only

Routes Oral

Mechanism of Action

Structure

  • Mecamylamine HCl is N,2,3,3-tetramethyl-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptan-2-amine hydrochloride. Its empirical formula is C11H21N • HCl and its structural formula is:
This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
  • It is a white, odorless, or practically odorless, crystalline powder, is highly stable, soluble in water and has a molecular weight of 203.75.
  • Mecamylamine HCl is supplied as tablets for oral use, each containing 2.5 mg mecamylamine HCl. Inactive ingredients are calcium phosphate, D&C Yellow 10, FD&C Yellow 6, lactose, magnesium stearate, cornstarch, and talc.

Pharmacodynamics

  • Mecamylamine HCl reduces blood pressure in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals. It has a gradual onset of action (1/2 to 2 hours) and a long-lasting effect (usually 6 to 12 hours or more). A small oral dosage often produces a smooth and predictable reduction of blood pressure. Although this antihypertensive effect is predominantly orthostatic, the supine blood pressure is also significantly reduced.

Pharmacokinetics

  • Mecamylamine HCl is almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in consistent lowering of blood pressure in most patients with hypertensive cardiovascular disease. Mecamylamine HCl is excreted slowly in the urine in the unchanged form. The rate of its renal elimination is influenced markedly by urinary pH. Alkalinization of the urine reduces, and acidification promotes, renal excretion of mecamylamine.
  • Mecamylamine HCl crosses the blood-brain and placental barriers.

Nonclinical Toxicology

  • Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
  • Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate the effects upon fertility, mutagenic or carcinogenic potential of Mecamylamine HCl.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Clinical Studies of Mecamylamine in the drug label.

How Supplied

  • Vecamyl [Mecamylamine HCl Tablet USP] are slightly yellow, round, compressed tablets, coded MP on one side and 2.5 on the other side. They are supplied as follows:
NDC 0722-7183-01 in bottles of 100.
  • Storage
Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15-30°C (59-86°F)

Storage

There is limited information regarding Mecamylamine Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

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Package and Label Display Panel

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Patient Counseling Information

  • Mecamylamine HCl may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting, especially when rising from a lying or sitting position. This effect may be increased by alcoholic beverages, exercise, or during hot weather. Getting up slowly may help alleviate such a reaction.

Precautions with Alcohol

  • The action of Mecamylamine may be potentiated by alcohol.
  • Mecamylamine may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting, especially when rising from a lying or sitting position. This effect may be increased by alcoholic beverages.

Brand Names

Look-Alike Drug Names

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

  1. "VECAMYL (mecamylamine hydrochloride) tablet".
  2. "http://www.ismp.org". External link in |title= (help)


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