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===Surgery===
===Surgery===
Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of Marburg hemorrhagic fever.


===Primary Prevention===
===Primary Prevention===

Revision as of 19:48, 20 October 2017

Marburg hemorrhagic fever Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Marburg hemorrhagic fever from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

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Overview

The Marburg virus causes severe viral hemorrhagic fever in humans with case fatality rates ranging from 24% to 88%. [1] Rousettus aegypti, fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family, are considered to be natural hosts of Marburg virus. The Marburg virus is transmitted to people from fruit bats and spreads through human-to-human transmission. No specific antiviral treatment or vaccine is available.

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating ((Page name)) from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of Marburg hemorrhagic fever include close contact with African fruit bats, human patients, or non-human primates infected with Marburg virus. Less common risk factors in the development of Marburg hemorrhagic fever include occupations (people who handle non-human primates from Africa) and travellers to endemic areas.

Screening

There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for Marburg hemorrhagic fever.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

If left untreated symptoms of marburg hemorrhagic fever become increasingly severe and can include jaundice, inflammation of the pancreas, severe weight loss, delirium, shock, liver failure, massive hemorrhage, and multi-organ dysfunction. Common complications of marburg hemorrhagic fever include orchitis, Transverse myelitis and Parotitis. Prognosis of marburg hemorrhagic fever is generally poor. Case fatality rates in marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreaks have ranged from 23% to 90%.

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

The diagnosis of Marburg hemorrhagic fever relies primarily on the laboratory techniques such as reverse transcriptase PCR and ELISA-based antigen and antibody detection.

History and Symptoms

Marburg hemorrhagic fever initially appears as a nonspecific febrile illness, which then rapidly progresses and leads to hemorrhagic complications and in severe cases may lead to a septic shock-like syndrome.

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Marburg virus infection may be confirmed by the laboratory techniques such as antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antigen-capture detection tests, serum neutralization test, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Antigen detection tests and virus isolation by cell culture.

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

There has been no approved treatment regimen yet for Marburg virus disease. However, few of the treatment modalities such as blood component therapy, immune therapy, and drug therapy are currently being evaluated. Supportive care such as rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids and maintenance of electrolyte balance, analgesics and symptomatic treatment may be beneficial.

Surgery

Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of Marburg hemorrhagic fever.

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

References