Malaria physical examination: Difference between revisions
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{{Malaria}} | {{Malaria}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JS}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JS}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
Physical findings in malaria may include [[fever]], [[weakness]], [[pallor]], [[jaundice]], and [[perspiration]]. Other findings on physical exam are [[tachycardia]], [[tachypnea]], [[splenomegaly]], and [[hepatomegaly]]. | |||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
===Appearance of the Patient=== | ===Appearance of the Patient=== | ||
The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may be ill-looking, [[shivering]], and/or [[sweating]]. After the fever episode, patients appear extremely tired and sleepy. In more severe cases of the disease, the patient may appear [[anemic]], with [[jaundice]], or even in [[coma]].<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Malaria | url = http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/disease.html }}</ref> | |||
===Vitals=== | ===Vitals=== | ||
====Temperature==== | ====Temperature==== | ||
*A [[fever]] is often present | *A [[fever]] is often present | ||
====Pulse==== | ====Pulse==== | ||
=====Rate===== | =====Rate===== | ||
*[[Tachycardia]] may be present | *[[Tachycardia]] may be present | ||
====Blood Pressure==== | |||
*[[Hypotension]] may be present (in severe cases of the disease) | |||
====Respiratory Rate==== | ====Respiratory Rate==== | ||
*[[Tachypnea]] may be present | *[[Tachypnea]] may be present | ||
===Skin=== | ===Skin=== | ||
*[[Cyanosis]] may be present (in severe cases of the disease, where there may be [[respiratory distress]]) | *[[Cyanosis]] may be present (in severe cases of the disease, where there may be [[respiratory distress]]) | ||
*[[Jaundice]] may be present (in severe anemia) | *[[Jaundice]] may be present (in severe [[anemia]]) | ||
*[[Pallor]] may be present (in severe | *[[Pallor]] may be present | ||
*[[Petechiae]] may be present (in severe cases of the disease, when there is [[thrombocytopenia]]) | |||
===Eyes=== | ===Eyes=== | ||
*Icteric [[sclera]] may be present (in severe anemia with jaundice) | *Icteric [[sclera]] may be present (in severe [[anemia]] with [[jaundice]]) | ||
*[[Conjunctiva]]e may be pale | *[[Conjunctiva]]e may be pale | ||
===Nose=== | ===Nose=== | ||
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===Throat=== | ===Throat=== | ||
* The [[throat]] may be erythematous | * The [[throat]] may be erythematous | ||
===Lungs=== | ===Lungs=== | ||
*[[Pulmonary edema | *[[Pulmonary edema]] may be present | ||
*Consolidation may be present with reduced [[breath sounds]] auscultated (rarely) | |||
*Consolidation may be present with reduced | *Intercostal retraction may be present (in severe cases of the disease, where there may be [[respiratory distress]]) | ||
* | |||
===Abdomen=== | ===Abdomen=== | ||
*[[Abdominal distention]] may be present | *[[Abdominal distention]] may be present | ||
*[[Hepatomegaly]] may be present | *[[Hepatomegaly]] may be present | ||
*[[Splenomegaly]] may be present | *[[Splenomegaly]] may be present | ||
===Genitourinary=== | |||
*[[Hematuria]] may be present (in severe [[hemolysis]]) | |||
===Extremities=== | ===Extremities=== | ||
*[[ | *[[Cyanosis]] may be present (in severe [[anemia]]) | ||
*[[Edema]] may be present (in severe disease, where there may be [[renal failure]]) | |||
*[[Edema]] may be present | |||
===Neurologic=== | ===Neurologic=== | ||
* | * [[Coma]] may be present (in [[cerebral malaria]]) | ||
* | * [[Altered mental status|Mental status may be altered]] | ||
* [[Convulsions]] may occur | |||
* | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 94: | Line 58: | ||
[[Category:Tropical disease]] | [[Category:Tropical disease]] | ||
[[Category:Deaths from malaria]] | [[Category:Deaths from malaria]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:00, 18 September 2017
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Malaria Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case studies |
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Malaria physical examination On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Malaria physical examination |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Malaria physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Physical findings in malaria may include fever, weakness, pallor, jaundice, and perspiration. Other findings on physical exam are tachycardia, tachypnea, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly.
Physical Examination
Appearance of the Patient
The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may be ill-looking, shivering, and/or sweating. After the fever episode, patients appear extremely tired and sleepy. In more severe cases of the disease, the patient may appear anemic, with jaundice, or even in coma.[1]
Vitals
Temperature
- A fever is often present
Pulse
Rate
- Tachycardia may be present
Blood Pressure
- Hypotension may be present (in severe cases of the disease)
Respiratory Rate
- Tachypnea may be present
Skin
- Cyanosis may be present (in severe cases of the disease, where there may be respiratory distress)
- Jaundice may be present (in severe anemia)
- Pallor may be present
- Petechiae may be present (in severe cases of the disease, when there is thrombocytopenia)
Eyes
- Icteric sclera may be present (in severe anemia with jaundice)
- Conjunctivae may be pale
Nose
- Alar flare (in severe cases of the disease, where there may be respiratory distress)
Throat
- The throat may be erythematous
Lungs
- Pulmonary edema may be present
- Consolidation may be present with reduced breath sounds auscultated (rarely)
- Intercostal retraction may be present (in severe cases of the disease, where there may be respiratory distress)
Abdomen
- Abdominal distention may be present
- Hepatomegaly may be present
- Splenomegaly may be present
Genitourinary
Extremities
- Cyanosis may be present (in severe anemia)
- Edema may be present (in severe disease, where there may be renal failure)
Neurologic
- Coma may be present (in cerebral malaria)
- Mental status may be altered
- Convulsions may occur