Malaria history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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==History==
==History==
* In the presence of a paroxysmal fever, travel history to a country where malaria is endemic is an important alert for the diagnosis.<ref name=Mandell>{{cite book | last = Mandell | first = Gerald | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2010 | isbn = 0443068399 }}</ref>
In the presence of a paroxysmal fever, travel history to a country where malaria is endemic is an important alert for the diagnosis.<ref name=Mandell>{{cite book | last = Mandell | first = Gerald | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2010 | isbn = 0443068399 }}</ref> Following the infective bite by the Anopheles mosquito, a period of time ranging from 7 to 30 days goes by before the first symptoms appear.


* Following the infective bite by the Anopheles mosquito, a period of time ranging from 7 to 30 days goes by before the first symptoms appear.
[[Fever]] in [[malaria]] is classically described as occurring in paroxysms of a few hours. These may be described as:
* ''Cold stage'': where the patient experiences [[rigors]] and [[chills]]
* ''Hot stage'': characterized by [[fever]], [[headaches]], and children may experience [[seizures]]
* ''Sweating stage'': characterized by [[sweats]], return to normal temperature with a feeling of [[fatigue]]


* [[Fever]] in [[malaria]] is classically described as occurring in paroxysms of a few hours. These may be described as:
The time-interval between [[fever]] paroxysms changes according to the type of [[plasmodium]] causing the disease:
** ''Cold stage'': where the patient experiences [[rigors]] and [[chills]]
* "Tertian" fever: paroxysms occur every second day, caused by "tertian" parasites:
** ''Hot stage'': characterized by [[fever]], [[headaches]], and children may experience [[seizures]]
** [[P. falciparum]]
** ''Sweating stage'': characterized by [[sweats]], return to normal temperature with a feeling of [[fatigue]]
** [[P. vivax]]
 
** [[P. ovale]]
*The time-interval between [[fever]] paroxysms changes according to the type of [[plasmodium]] causing the disease:
* "Quartan" fever: paroxysms occur every third day, caused by the "quartan" parasite:
** "Tertian" fever: paroxysms occur every second day, caused by "tertian" parasites:
** [[P. malariae]]
*** [[P. falciparum]]
*** [[P. vivax]]
*** [[P. ovale]]
** "Quartan" fever: paroxysms occur every third day, caused by the "quartan" parasite:
*** [[P. malariae]]


==Symptoms==
==Symptoms==

Revision as of 22:28, 24 July 2014

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

The hallmark symptom of malaria is fever, which commonly occurs in paroxysms, separated by fever-free time intervals. The classical but rarely observed malaria attack lasts 6-10 hours, and it consists of a cold stage, hot stage, and sweating stage. Other common symptoms of malaria include chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness, night sweats, flu-like symptoms, and myalgia. In the presence of a paroxysmal fever, travel history to a country where malaria is endemic is an important alert for the diagnosis.[1]

History

In the presence of a paroxysmal fever, travel history to a country where malaria is endemic is an important alert for the diagnosis.[1] Following the infective bite by the Anopheles mosquito, a period of time ranging from 7 to 30 days goes by before the first symptoms appear.

Fever in malaria is classically described as occurring in paroxysms of a few hours. These may be described as:

  • Cold stage: where the patient experiences rigors and chills
  • Hot stage: characterized by fever, headaches, and children may experience seizures
  • Sweating stage: characterized by sweats, return to normal temperature with a feeling of fatigue

The time-interval between fever paroxysms changes according to the type of plasmodium causing the disease:

  • "Tertian" fever: paroxysms occur every second day, caused by "tertian" parasites:
  • "Quartan" fever: paroxysms occur every third day, caused by the "quartan" parasite:

Symptoms

Common Symptoms

Less Common Symptoms

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Mandell, Gerald (2010). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. ISBN 0443068399.

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