Malaria history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Common Symptoms== | ==Common Symptoms== | ||
* Fever | * [[Fever]] | ||
* Headache | * [[Chills]] | ||
* Weakness | * [[Headache]] | ||
* Night sweats | * [[Weakness]] | ||
* Insomnia | * [[Night sweats]] | ||
* [[Insomnia]] | |||
* [[Joint pain]] | * [[Joint pain]] | ||
* [[Muscle pain]] | * [[Muscle pain]] | ||
==Less Common Symptoms== | ==Less Common Symptoms== | ||
* Diarrhea | * [[Vomiting]] | ||
* Abdominal cramps | * [[Diarrhea]] | ||
* [[Abdominal cramps]] | |||
* [[Bloody urine]] | |||
* [[Convulsions]] | |||
* Feeling of tingling in the skin | |||
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The bloodstream parasites of P. falciparum infections are often asynchronous and may produce continuous fever. In other infections, fever may be cyclical, recurring every 48 or 72 hours, depending on the species and synchrony of the replicating parasites. Parasite subpopulations on different cycles in the blood- stream may produce complicated fever patterns. Patients with cyclical fevers may be relatively asymptomatic during afebrile periods. | The bloodstream parasites of P. falciparum infections are often asynchronous and may produce continuous fever. In other infections, fever may be cyclical, recurring every 48 or 72 hours, depending on the species and synchrony of the replicating parasites. Parasite subpopulations on different cycles in the blood- stream may produce complicated fever patterns. Patients with cyclical fevers may be relatively asymptomatic during afebrile periods. | ||
Particular elements from the history and physical examination, when considered together, may be suggestive of the diagnosis of malaria.372-374 Cyclical paroxysms of chills and rigors, fever, and drenching sweats are characteristic although not necessarily specific for malaria. A travel history that reveals risk of exposure months to years before in an endemic region is an alert for malaria and should always be sought in presentations of fever. Findings on physical exami- nation may include pallor and hepatosplenomegaly. Rarely, acute Plas- modium infections present with splenic rupture requiring surgery or conservative management.375,376 Findings such as jaundice, diminished consciousness, or convulsions indicate severe malaria (see later). Rash, lymphadenopathy, and signs of pulmonary consolidation are distinctly uncommon. | Particular elements from the history and physical examination, when considered together, may be suggestive of the diagnosis of malaria.372-374 Cyclical paroxysms of chills and rigors, fever, and drenching sweats are characteristic although not necessarily specific for malaria. A travel history that reveals risk of exposure months to years before in an endemic region is an alert for malaria and should always be sought in presentations of fever. Findings on physical exami- nation may include pallor and hepatosplenomegaly. Rarely, acute Plas- modium infections present with splenic rupture requiring surgery or conservative management.375,376 Findings such as jaundice, diminished consciousness, or convulsions indicate severe malaria (see later). Rash, lymphadenopathy, and signs of pulmonary consolidation are distinctly uncommon. | ||
* The classical symptom of malaria is cyclical occurrence of sudden coldness followed by rigor and then fever and sweating lasting four to six hours, occurring every two days in ''P. vivax'' and ''P. ovale'' infections, while every three for ''P. malariae''.<ref name=RBMarmenia>[http://www.malaria.am/eng/pathogenesis.php Malaria life cycle & pathogenesis]. Malaria in Armenia. Accessed October 31, 2006.</ref> | * The classical symptom of malaria is cyclical occurrence of sudden coldness followed by rigor and then fever and sweating lasting four to six hours, occurring every two days in ''P. vivax'' and ''P. ovale'' infections, while every three for ''P. malariae''.<ref name=RBMarmenia>[http://www.malaria.am/eng/pathogenesis.php Malaria life cycle & pathogenesis]. Malaria in Armenia. Accessed October 31, 2006.</ref> | ||
* ''P. falciparum'' can have recurrent fever every 36-48 hours or a less pronounced and almost continuous fever. | * ''P. falciparum'' can have recurrent fever every 36-48 hours or a less pronounced and almost continuous fever. | ||
Revision as of 15:32, 24 July 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];
Overview
Malaria parasites are transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. The parasites multiply within red blood cells, causing symptoms that include symptoms of anemia (light headedness, shortness of breath, tachycardia etc.), as well as other general symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea, flu-like illness, and in severe cases, coma and death.
History
Common Symptoms
Less Common Symptoms
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal cramps
- Bloody urine
- Convulsions
- Feeling of tingling in the skin