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| {{SI}} | | {{Lymphoma}} |
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| {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-in-Chief:''' Ross Bonander | | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-in-Chief:''' Ross Bonander |
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| {{Editor Help}}
| | ==[[Lymphoma overview|Overview]]== |
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| ==Overview== | | ==[[Lymphoma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
| '''Lymphoma''' is a type of [[cancer]] that originates in [[lymphocyte]]s (a type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system). There are many types of lymphoma. Lymphomas are part of the broad group of diseases called [[Hematological malignancy|hematological neoplasms]].
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| In the 19th and 20th centuries the affliction was called [[Hodgkin's Disease]], as it was discovered by [[Thomas Hodgkin]] in 1832. Colloquially, lymphoma is broadly categorized as [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]] and [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma|non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] (all other types of lymphoma). Scientific classification of the types of lymphoma is more detailed.
| | ==[[Lymphoma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| Although older classifications referred to histiocytic lymphomas, these are recognized in newer classifications as of B, T or NK cell lineage. Histiocytic malignancies are rare and are classified as sarcomas.<ref name="isbn92-832-2411-6">{{cite book |author= |title=Pathology and Genetics of Haemo (World Health Organization Classification of Tumours S.) |publisher=Oxford Univ Pr |location= |year= |pages= |isbn=92-832-2411-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref>
| | ==[[Lymphoma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]== |
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| ==Prevalence== | | ==[[Lymphoma risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| According to the U.S. [[National Institutes of Health]], lymphomas account for about five percent of all cases of cancer in the United States, and Hodgkin's lymphoma in particular accounts for less than one percent of all cases of cancer in the United States.
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| Because the lymphatic system is part of the body's immune system, patients with a weakened immune system, such as from [[HIV]] infection or from certain drugs or medication, also have a higher incidence of lymphoma.
| | ==[[Lymphoma screening|Screening]]== |
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| ==Classification== | | ==[[Lymphoma causes|Causes of Lymphoma]]== |
| ===WHO classification===
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| The '''WHO Classification''' is the latest classification of lymphoma, published by the [[World Health Organization]] in 2001.<ref name="isbn92-832-2411-6">{{cite book |author= |title=Pathology and Genetics of Haemo (World Health Organization Classification of Tumours S.) |publisher=Oxford Univ Pr |location= |year= |pages= |isbn=92-832-2411-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> It was based upon the "Revised European-American Lymphoma classification" (REAL).
| | ==[[Lymphoma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Lymphoma from other Diseases]]== |
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| This classification attempts to classify lymphomas by cell type, i.e. the normal cell type that most closely resembles the tumor. They are classified in three large groups: the [[B cell]] tumors, the [[T cell]] and [[natural killer cell]] tumors, [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], and other minor groups: ([[ICD-O]] codes are provided where available)
| | ==[[Lymphoma natural history|Natural History, Complications & Prognosis]]== |
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| ====Mature (peripheral) B-cell neoplasms==== | | ==[[Lymphoma classification|Classification]]== |
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| **[[Small cell lymphoma|Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma]]
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| **[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]]
| | [[Lymphoma history and symptoms|History & Symptoms]] | [[Lymphoma physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Lymphoma laboratory tests|Lab Tests]] | [[Lymphoma electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Lymphoma chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Lymphoma CT|CT]] | [[Lymphoma MRI|MRI]] | [[Lymphoma echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Lymphoma other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Lymphoma other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
| **Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
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| **Splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (with or without villous lymphocytes)
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| **[[Hairy cell leukemia]]
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| **Splenic lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable
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| **[[Plasma cell myeloma/plasmacytoma]]
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| **[[Heavy chain diseases]]
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| **Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type ([[MALT lymphoma]])
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| **Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (with or without monocytoid B cells)
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| **[[Follicular lymphoma]]
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| **Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma
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| **[[Mantle cell lymphoma]]
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| **[[Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]] (DLBCL)
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| ***Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified
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| ***T-cell /histiocyte rich large B-cell lymphoma
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| ***DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation
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| ***EBV positive DLBCL of the elderly
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| ***Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
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| ***Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma
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| ***Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
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| ***Primary cutaneous DLBCL, leg type
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| ***ALK positive DLBCL
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| ***Plasmablastic lymphoma
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| ***Primary effusion lymphoma
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| ***Large B-cell lymphoma arising in HHV8-associated multicentric Castleman's disease
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| **[[Burkitt lymphoma/Burkitt cell leukemia]]
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| **B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma
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| **B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma
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| | | ==Treatment== |
| [[Image:lymphoma_microarray.jpg|500px|thumb|left|DNA-microarray analysis of Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) showing differences in gene expression patterns. Colors indicate levels of expression; green indicates genes that are overexpressed in normal cells compared to lymphoma cells and red indicates genes that are overexpressed in lymphoma cells compared to normal cells.]]
| | [[Lymphoma medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Lymphoma surgery|Surgery]] | [[Lymphoma primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Lymphoma secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Lymphoma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Lymphoma future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
| <br clear="left"/>
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| ====Mature (peripheral) T/NK-cell neoplasms====
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| **[[T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia|T cell prolymphocytic leukemia]]
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| **[[T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia|T cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia]]
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| **Aggressive NK cell leukemia
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| **Systemic EBV positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disease of childhood (associated with chronic active EBV infection)
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| **Hydra vacciniforme-like lymphoma
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| **[[Adult T-cell leukemia|Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)]]
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| **Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
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| **Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma
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| **Subcutaneous pannicultis-like T-cell lymphoma
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| **[[Mycosis fungoides]] / [[Sezary syndrome]]
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| **Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma
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| **Primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8 positive cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma
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| **Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma
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| **Primary cutaneous small/medium CD4 positive T-cell lymphoma
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| **Peripheral T cell lymphoma, NOS (not otherwise specified)
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| **Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
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| **Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK positive
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| **Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK negative
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| ====Hodgkin Lymphoma====
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| **Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
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| **Classical Hodgkin lymphoma
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| ***Nodular sclerosis
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| ***Mixed cellularity
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| ***Lymphocyte-rich
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| ***Lymphocyte depleted or not depleted
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| ====Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders====
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| **Associated with a primary immune disorder
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| **Associated with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus ([[HIV]])
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| **Post-transplant
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| **Associated with Methotrexate therapy
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| ===Working formulation===
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| The '''Working Formulation''', published in 1982, is primarily descriptive. It is still occasionally used, but has been superseded by the WHO classification, above.
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| ====Low grade====
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| *Malignant Lymphoma, small lymphocytic ([[chronic lymphocytic leukemia]])
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| *Malignant Lymphoma, [[lymph follicle|follicular]], predominantly small cleaved cell
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| *Malignant Lymphoma, follicular, mixed (small cleaved and [[large cell]])
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| ====High grade====
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| *Malignant Lymphoma, large cell, immunoblastic
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| *Malignant Lymphoma, [[lymphoblastic]]
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| *Malignant Lymphoma, small non-cleaved cells ([[Burkitt's lymphoma]])
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| ====Miscellaneous====
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| *Composite
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| *[[Histiocytic]]
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| *[[Extramedullary plasmacytoma]]
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| *Unclassifiable
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| ===Other classification systems===
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| * [[ICD-O]] (codes 9590-9999, details at [http://web.archive.org/web/20040627090029/http://www.cog.ufl.edu/publ/apps/icdo/icdo_morph.txt])
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| * [[ICD|ICD-10]] (codes C81-C96, details at [http://www3.who.int/icd/vol1htm2003/fr-icd.htm?gc81.htm+])
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| == For diagnosis, etiology, staging, prognosis, and treatment ==
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| Please see separate links to [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]] and [[non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]].
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| == Genetics ==
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| Enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is environmentally induced as a result of the consumption of [[Triticeae glutens]]. In gluten sensitive individuals with EATL 68% are homozygotes of the DQB1*02 subtype at the HLA-DQB1 locus (serotype DQ2).<ref name="pmid17470479">{{cite journal |author=Al-Toma A, Verbeek WH, Hadithi M, von Blomberg BM, Mulder CJ |title=Survival in Refractory Coeliac Disease and Enteropathy associated T cell Lymphoma: Retrospective evaluation of single centre experience |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2007 |pmid=17470479 |doi=10.1136/gut.2006.114512}}</ref> (See [[Coeliac Disease]], [[HLA-DQ]], [[HLA DR3-DQ2]])
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| ==See also== | | ==See also== |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
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| ==External links==
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| ===Research Foundations and Working Groups===
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| *[http://www.lymphoma.org Lymphoma Research Foundation]
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| *[http://www.leukemia-research.org Leukemia Research Foundation]
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| *[http://epi.grants.cancer.gov/InterLymph International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium]
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| *[http://www.lymphome.de/en/index.jsp Competence Network Malignant Lymphomas (German Lymphoma Study Groups)]
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| ===Information===
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| *[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lymphoma.html MedlinePlus: Lymphoma]
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| *[http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/non-hodgkin National Cancer Institute: Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas]
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| *[http://www.lymphomainfo.net Lymphoma Information Network]
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| *[http://www3.who.int/icd/vol1htm2003/fr-icd.htm?gc81.htm+ ICD10 classification of lymphoma]
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| *[http://jco.ascopubs.org/cgi/content/full/17/4/1244 Report of an International Workshop to Standardize Response Criteria for NHLs]
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| ===Societies and Support Groups===
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| *[http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page?item_id=7030 The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society]
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| *[http://www.supportgroups.com/support-groups/cancer-support-groups Online Lymphoma Support Groups]
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| *[http://www.lymphomas.org.uk/ The Lymphoma Association (UK)]
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| *[http://www.lymphoma.ie Lymphoma Support Ireland]
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| *[http://www.coventry-lymphoma.com Coventry Lymphoma Association Support Group (UK)]
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| ===Statistics===
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| *[http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lymph.html US Lymphoma SEER Fact Sheet from the National Cancer Institute]
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| *[http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/hodgkinslymphoma/?a=5441 UK Hodgkin Lymphoma Statistics]
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| *[http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/nhl/?a=5441 UK Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Statistics]
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| *[http://www.lymphomation.org/aboutNHL.htm About Lymphomas - Patients Against Lymphoma]
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| *[http://www.lymphomainfo.net/hodgkins/timeline.html Timeline of discovery and treatment of Hodgkin's Lymphoma]
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| * {{cite news | first= | last=National Cancer Institute | coauthors= | title=Risk of Lymphoma Increases with Hepatitis C Virus Infection | date=May 2007 | publisher= | url =http://www.cancer.gov/newscenter/pressreleases/HepCLymphomaRelease | work = | pages = | accessdate = | language = }}
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| {{Hematology}} | | {{Hematology}} |
| {{Hematological malignancy histology}} | | {{Hematological malignancy histology}} |
| {{SIB}}
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| [[bg:Лимфома]]
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| [[ar:سرطان الغدد الليمفاوية]]
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| [[es:Linfoma]]
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| [[fr:Lymphome]]
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| [[nl:Maligne lymfoom]]
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| [[ja:悪性リンパ腫]]
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| [[fi:Lymfooma]]
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