Lymphangioma differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Badria Munir M.B.B.S.[2] Haytham Allaham, M.D. [3]

Overview

Lymphangioma must be differentiated from arteriovenous malformation, branchial cleft cyst, and dermoid cyst.

Differentiating Lymphangioma from other diseases

Lymphangioma must be differentiated from following:

For more information on vascular anomolies click here.

Classifying and differentiating vascular tumors

 
 
 
 
 
 
Vascular malformations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Simple vascular malformations
 
Combined vascular malformations
 
Vascular malformations of major named vessels
 
Vascular malformations asscoiated with other anomalies
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CM + VMCapillary-venous malformationCVM
CM + LMCapillary-lymphatic malformationCLM
CM + AVMCapillary-arteriovenous malformationCAVM
LM + VMLymphatic-venous malformationLVM
CM + LM + VMCapillary-lymphatic-venous malformationCLVM
CM + LM + AVMCapillary-lymphatic-arteriovenous malformationCLVM
CM + VM + AVMCapillary-venous-arteriovenous malformationCVAVM
CM + LM + VM + AVMCapillary-lymphatic-venous-arteriovenous malformationCLVAVM
 

(also known as "channel type" or "truncal" vascular malformations)
Affect
• Lymphatics
• Veins
• Arteries
Anomalies of
• Origin
• Course
• Number
• Diameter (aplasia,
hypoplasia, stenosis,
ectasia / aneurysm)
• Valves
• Communication (AVF)
• Persistence (of
embryonal vessel)
 
Klippel-Trenaunay syndromeCM + VM +/-LM + limb overgrowth
Parke's Weber syndromeCM + AVF + limb overgrowth
Servelle-Martorell syndromeLimb VM + bone undergrowth
Sturge-Weber syndromeFacial + leptomeningeal CM + eye anomalies +/-bone and/or soft tissue overgrowth
Maffucci syndromeVM +/-spindle-cell hemangioma + enchondroma
CLOVES syndromeLM + VM + CM +/-AVM+ lipomatous overgrowth
Proteus syndromeCM, VM and/or LM + asymmetrical somatic overgrowth
Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndromelower lip CM + face and neck LM + asymmetry and partial/generalized overgrowth
Limb CM + congenital non-progressive limb overgrowth
Macrocephaly-CM (M-CM / MCAP)
Microcephaly-CM (MICCAP)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capillary malformations (CM)
 
Lymphatic malformations (LM)
 
Venous malformations (VM)
 
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
 
Arteriovenous fistula
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nevus simplex / salmon patch, “angel kiss”, “stork bite
 
 
Common (cystic) LM
Macrocystic LM
Microcystic LM
Mixed cystic LM
 
 
Common VM
 
 
Sporadic
 
 
Sporadic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cutaneous and/or mucosal CM (also known as “port-wine” stain)
Nonsyndromic CM
• CM with CNS and/or ocular anomalies (Sturge-Weber syndrome)
• CM with bone and/or soft tissues overgrowth
Diffuse CM with overgrowth (DCMO)
 
 
Generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA)
Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA)
 
 
Familial VM cutaneo-mucosal (VMCM)
 
 
In HHT
 
 
In HHT
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reticulate CM
• CM of MIC-CAP (microcephaly-capillary malformation)
• CM of MCAP (megalencephaly-capillary malformation-polymicrogyria)
 
 
LM in Gorham-Stout disease
 
 
Blue rubber bleb nevus (Bean) syndrome VM
 
 
In CM-AVM
 
 
In CM-AVM
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CM of CM-AVM
 
 
Channel type LM
 
 
Glomuvenous malformation (GVM)
 
 
Others
 
 
Others
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC)
 
 
“Acquired” progressive lymphatic anomaly (so called acquired progressive "lymphangioma")
 
 
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Others
 
 
Primary lymphedema
 
 
Familial intraosseous vascular malformation (VMOS)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Telangiectasia
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)
• Others
 
 
Others
 
 
Verrucous venous malformation (formerly verrucous hemangioma)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Others
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Abbreviations: CM:capillary malformation; VM:venous malformation; CVM:capillary venous malformation; LM:lymphatic malformation; CLM:capillary lymphatic malformation; AVM:arteriovenous malformation; CAVM:capillary arteriovenous malformation; LVM:lymphatic venous malformation; CLVM:capillary lymphatic venous malformation; CVAVM:capillary venous arteriovenous malformation; CLVAVM:capillary lymphatic venous arteriovenous malformation; AVF:arteriovenous fistula; CLOVES:congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, skeletal/scoliosis and spinal abnormalities; M-CM:macrocephaly-capillary malformation; MCAP:megalencephaly-capillary malformation-polymicrogyria; MICCAP:microcephaly-capillary malformation; CNS:central nervous system; DCMO:diffuse capillary malformation with overgrowth; CM-AVM:capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation; CMTC:cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita; HHT:hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia; GLA:generalized lymphatic anomaly; KLA:kaposiform lymphangiomatosis; VMCM:venous malformation cutaneo mucosal; GVM:glomuvenous malformation; CCM:cerebral cavernous malformation.

Adapted from International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies[1]

References

  1. "Classification | International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies".


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