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| | [[File:ImageLymphadenopathy.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Lymphadenopathy]] |
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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Lymphadenopathy}} | | {{Lymphadenopathy}} |
| {{CMG}},{{shyam}};{{AE}} {{ADS}}, {{RT}} [[Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD]] | | {{CMG}},{{shyam}};{{AE}} {{ADS}}, {{RT}} [[Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD]] |
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| {{SK}} Lymph nodes enlarged; Enlarged lymph nodes; Lymphadenitis; Swollen lymph nodes; Swollen/enlarged lymph nodes<br> | | {{SK}} Lymph nodes enlarged; Enlarged lymph nodes; Lymphadenitis; Swollen lymph nodes; Swollen/enlarged lymph nodes<br> |
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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
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| '''Lymphadenopathy''', also called '''adenopathy''', refers to any disease process that involves lymph nodes that are abnormal in consistency and size. This condition has multiple causes, the most common of which include neoplasia, autoimmune diseases, and infection. '''Lymphadenitis''' refers to lymphadenopathies that are due to inflammatory processes. It is characterized by nodal swelling, pain, skin changes, fever, edema, and/or purulent collections. <ref name="pmid16616313">{{cite journal| author=Gosche JR, Vick L| title=Acute, subacute, and chronic cervical lymphadenitis in children. | journal=Semin Pediatr Surg | year= 2006 | volume= 15 | issue= 2 | pages= 99-106 | pmid=16616313 | doi=10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2006.02.007 | pmc=7111159 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16616313 }} </ref>
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| ==[[Lymphadenopathy historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
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| ==[[Lymphadenopathy classification|Classification]]== | | ==[[Lymphadenopathy classification|Classification]]== |
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| ==[[Lymphadenopathy pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== | | ==[[Lymphadenopathy pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| [[Lymphadenopathy causes|Causes==
| | ==Histopathology== |
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| Lymph node enlargement can be of viral, bacterial, malignant, protozoan origin and can even be caused by live vaccines <ref name="pmid25996397"> (2015) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25996397 Reorganized text.] ''JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg'' 141 (5):428. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0540 DOI:10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0540] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/25996397 25996397]</ref>
| | ==Causes== |
| Examples of infections that can cause lymph node enlargement include:
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| *Viral infections such as Epstein-Barr Virus and cytomegalovirus which cause infectious mononucleosis <ref name="pmid23281438">{{cite journal| author=Weiss LM, O'Malley D| title=Benign lymphadenopathies. | journal=Mod Pathol | year= 2013 | volume= 26 Suppl 1 | issue= | pages= S88-96 | pmid=23281438 | doi=10.1038/modpathol.2012.176 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23281438 }} </ref> and CMV mononucleosis respectively.<ref name="pmid4317237">{{cite journal| author=Sinha AK, Lovett M, Pillay G| title=Cytomegalovirus infection with Lymphadenopathy. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1970 | volume= 3 | issue= 5715 | pages= 163 | pmid=4317237 | doi=10.1136/bmj.3.5715.163 | pmc=1702272 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4317237 }} </ref>
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| *Yersinia pestis, which causes the bubonic plague, causes lymph node swelling so large that it can be seen under the skin. These lymph nodes are called buboes and may become necrosed. <ref name="pmid19606935">{{cite journal| author=Butler T| title=Plague into the 21st century. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2009 | volume= 49 | issue= 5 | pages= 736-42 | pmid=19606935 | doi=10.1086/604718 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19606935 }} </ref>
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| ==[[Lymphadenopathy differential diagnosis|Differentiating Lymphadenopathy from other Diseases]]== | | ==[[Lymphadenopathy differential diagnosis|Differentiating Lymphadenopathy from other Diseases]]== |
| | ==[[Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
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| ==[[Lymphadenopathy epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== | | =Laboratory Evaluation of Lymphadenopathy= |
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| ==[[Lymphadenopathy risk factors|Risk Factors]]== | | =Diagnostic Radiological Testing= |
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| ==[[Lymphadenopathy screening|Screening]]==
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| ==[[Lymphadenopathy natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== | | ==Treatment== |
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| [[Lymphadenopathy diagnostic criteria|Diagnostic criteria]] | [[Lymphadenopathy history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Lymphadenopathy physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Lymphadenopathy laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Lymphadenopathy electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Lymphadenopathy x ray|X-Ray Findings]] | [[Lymphadenopathy ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Lymphadenopathy CT scan|CT-Scan Findings]] | [[Lymphadenopathy MRI|MRI Findings]] | [[Lymphadenopathy other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Lymphadenopathy other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
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| ==Treatment==
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| [[Lymphadenopathy medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Lymphadenopathy surgery|Surgery]] | [[Lymphadenopathy primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Lymphadenopathy secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Lymphadenopathy cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Lymphadenopathy future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
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| ==Case Studies==
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| [[Lymphadenopathy case study one|Case #1]]
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
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| [[Category:Dermatology]] | | [[Category:Dermatology]] |
| [[Category:Medical signs]] | | [[Category:Medical signs]] |
| [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] | | [[Category: Signs and symptoms]] |
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| [[Category:Physical examination]] | | [[Category: Physical examination]] |
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| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}} | | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |
| [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | | [[Category: Up-To-Date]] |
| [[Category:Oncology]] | | [[Category:Oncology]] |
| [[Category:Medicine]] | | [[Category:Medicine]] |
| [[Category:Infectious disease]] | | [[Category:Infectious disease]] |
| [[Category:Hematology]] | | [[Category:Hematology]] |