Listeria monocytogenes: Difference between revisions

Listeria
	; Scanning electron micrograph of Listeria monocytogenes.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria;
Division:	Firmicutes;
Class:	Bacilli;
Order:	Bacillales;
Family:	Listeriaceae;
Genus:	Listeria; Pirie 1940
Species
	L. fleischmannii; L. grayi; L. innocua; L. ivanovii; L. marthii; L. monocytogenes; L. rocourtiae; L. seeligeri; L. weihenstephanensis; L. welshimeri

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Revision as of 17:06, 25 January 2016

This page is about microbiologic aspects of the organism(s). For clinical aspects of the disease, see Listeriosis.

Template:Seealso Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

Listeria monocytogenes is a flagellated, catalase-positive, facultative intracellular, anaerobic, nonsporulating, Gram-positive bacillus. Listeria is commonly found in soil, water, vegetation and fecal material.^[1]

Cause

Listeriosis is usually caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes.
The genus Listeria contains ten species:

L. fleischmannii
L. grayi
L. innocua
L. ivanovii
L. marthii
L. monocytogenes
L. rocourtiae
L. seeligeri
L. weihenstephanensis
L. welshimeri

Of note, Listeria dinitrificans was previously thought to be part of the Listeria genus, but it has been reclassified into the new genus Jonesia.^[2]

Taxonomy

Bacteria; Firmicutes; Bacilli; Bacillales; Listeriaceae; Listeria; Listeria monocytogenes.

Microbiological Characteristics

Electron micrograph of a flagellated Listeria monocytogenes bacterium, Magnified 41,250XAdapted from Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.^[3]

Electron micrograph of a Listeria bacterium in tissue.Adapted from Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.^[3]

Listeria monocytogenes is a flagellated, catalase-positive, facultative intracellular, anaerobic, nonsporulating, Gram-positive bacillus.

Natural Reservoir

In the environment, Listeria monocytogenes is commonly found in soil, water, vegetation and fecal material.
Animals may be asymptomatic carriers of Listeria.^[1]
L. monocytogenes has been associated with foods such as raw milk, pasteurized fluid milk, cheeses (particularly soft-ripened varieties), ice cream, raw vegetables, fermented raw-meat sausages, raw and cooked poultry, raw meats, and raw and smoked fish.^[4]
Listeria has the ability to grow at temperatures as low as 0°C, allows its multiplication in refrigerated foods. At refrigerated temperature such as 4°C, the amount of ferric iron in the environment promotes the growth of L. monocytogenes.^[5]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "Risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods" (PDF).
↑ M. D. Collins, S. Wallbanks, D. J. Lane, J. Shah, R. Nietupskin, J. Smida, M. Dorsch and E. Stackebrandt. Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus Listeria Based on Reverse Transcriptase Sequencing of 16S rRNA. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. April 1991 vol. 41 no. 2 240–246
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 "Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention".
↑ Fleming, D. W., S. L. Cochi, K. L. MacDonald, J. Brondum, P. S. Hayes, B. D. Plikaytis, M. B. Holmes, A. Audurier, C. V. Broome, and A. L. Reingold. 1985. Pasteurized milk as a vehicle of infection in an outbreak of listeriosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 312:404-407.
↑ Dykes, G. A., Dworaczek (Kubo), M. 2002. Influence of interactions between temperature, ferric ammonium citrate and glycine betaine on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in a defined medium. Lett Appl Microbiol. 35(6):538-42.

[WHO-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods" (PDF).

[collins-2] M. D. Collins, S. Wallbanks, D. J. Lane, J. Shah, R. Nietupskin, J. Smida, M. Dorsch and E. Stackebrandt. Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus Listeria Based on Reverse Transcriptase Sequencing of 16S rRNA. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. April 1991 vol. 41 no. 2 240–246

[PHIL-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 "Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention".

[Fleming_1985-4] Fleming, D. W., S. L. Cochi, K. L. MacDonald, J. Brondum, P. S. Hayes, B. D. Plikaytis, M. B. Holmes, A. Audurier, C. V. Broome, and A. L. Reingold. 1985. Pasteurized milk as a vehicle of infection in an outbreak of listeriosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 312:404-407.

[Dworaczek_Kubo_Dykes_2002-5] Dykes, G. A., Dworaczek (Kubo), M. 2002. Influence of interactions between temperature, ferric ammonium citrate and glycine betaine on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in a defined medium. Lett Appl Microbiol. 35(6):538-42.

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@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ''Listeria monocytogenes'' is a flagellated, [[catalase-positive]], facultative [[intracellular]], [[anaerobe|anaerobic]], [[spore|nonsporulating]], [[Gram-positive]] [[bacillus]]. ''Listeria'' is commonly found in soil, water, vegetation and fecal material.<ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods | url = http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241562625_part1.pdf }}</ref>
+==Cause==
+*Listeriosis is usually caused by the bacterium ''Listeria monocytogenes''.
+*The genus ''Listeria'' contains ten species:
+:*''L. fleischmannii''
+:*''L. grayi''
+:*''L. innocua''
+:*''L. ivanovii''
+:*''L. marthii''
+:*''L. monocytogenes''
+:*''L. rocourtiae''
+:*''L. seeligeri''
+:*''L. weihenstephanensis''
+:*''L. welshimeri''
+*Of note, ''Listeria dinitrificans'' was previously thought to be part of the ''Listeria'' genus, but it has been reclassified into the new genus ''[[Jonesia]]''.<ref name=collins>M. D. Collins, S. Wallbanks, D. J. Lane, J. Shah, R. Nietupskin, J. Smida, M. Dorsch and E. Stackebrandt. Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus ''Listeria'' Based on Reverse Transcriptase Sequencing of 16S rRNA. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. April 1991 vol. 41 no. 2 240–246</ref>
 ==Taxonomy==
-[[Bacteria]]; [[Firmicutes]]; [[Bacilli]]; [[Bacillales]]; [[Listeriaceae]]; [[Listeria]]; [[Listeria monocytogenes]]
+[[Bacteria]]; [[Firmicutes]]; [[Bacilli]]; [[Bacillales]]; [[Listeriaceae]]; [[Listeria]]; [[Listeria monocytogenes]].
 ==Microbiological Characteristics==
+{{Taxobox
+| color = lightgrey <!-- Please read [[WP:Taxobox usage#Color]] before making any changes to the taxobox color. -->
+| name = ''Listeria''
+| image =Listeria monocytogenes PHIL 2287 lores.jpg
+| image_width = 240px
+| image_caption = [[Scanning electron microscope|Scanning electron micrograph]] of ''Listeria monocytogenes''.
+| regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]]
+| divisio = [[Firmicutes]]
+| classis = [[Bacilli]]
+| ordo = [[Bacillales]]
+| familia = [[Listeriaceae]]
+| genus = ''Listeria''
+| genus_authority = [[Harvey Pirie|Pirie]] 1940
+| subdivision_ranks = Species
+| subdivision =
+''[[Listeria fleischmannii|L. fleischmannii]]''<br />
+''[[Listeria grayi|L. grayi]]''<br />
+''[[Listeria innocua|L. innocua]]''<br />
+''[[Listeria ivanovii|L. ivanovii]]''<br />
+''[[Listeria marthii|L. marthii]]''<br />
+''[[Listeria monocytogenes|L. monocytogenes]]''<br />
+''[[Listeria rocourtiae|L. rocourtiae]]''<br />
+''[[Listeria seeligeri|L. seeligeri]]''<br />
+''[[Listeria weihenstephanensis|L. weihenstephanensis]]''<br />
+''[[Listeria welshimeri|L. welshimeri]]''
+}}
 {| style="float: right;"
 |  [[Image:Listeria1.png|thumb|none| Electron micrograph of a flagellated Listeria monocytogenes bacterium, Magnified 41,250X<SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/  Adapted from Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.]''<ref name="PHIL">{{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>]]