Lesch-Nyhan syndrome natural history

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]

Natural History

  • Patients with HGPRT deficiency are normal at birth.
  • One of the first signs of the disease may be the observation of orange crystals in the diapers, or crystalluria with obstruction of the urinary tract.
  • Other uncommon forms of presentation include renal failure or acidosis with repeated vomiting. Psychomotor delay, when present, becomes evident within 3 to 6 months.
  • A delay in the acquisition of sitting and head support with hypotonia and athetoid movements may lead to neurological consultation. Self-mutilation, in the form of lip biting or finger chewing, can appear as soon as teeth are present.
  • Eventually, as uric acid builds up in tissues, symptoms of spasticity, seizures, nephrolithiasis and self mutilation develop.

Complications

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with LNS is poor. Death is usually due to renal failure in the first or second decade of life.

References

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