Leprosy risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

Close contacts of patients with untreated, active multibacillary disease are at highest risk of acquiring leprosy. Children are more susceptible than adults to contracting the disease.

Risk Factors

The people with higher risk of acquiring leprosy include:

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 van Beers SM, Hatta M, Klatser PR (1999). "Patient contact is the major determinant in incident leprosy: implications for future control". Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 67 (2): 119–28. PMID 10472363.
  2. Eiglmeier K, Parkhill J, Honoré N, Garnier T, Tekaia F, Telenti A; et al. (2001). "The decaying genome of Mycobacterium leprae". Lepr Rev. 72 (4): 387–98. PMID 11826475.
  3. Trindade MA, Palermo ML, Pagliari C, Valente N, Naafs B, Massarollo PC; et al. (2011). "Leprosy in transplant recipients: report of a case after liver transplantation and review of the literature". Transpl Infect Dis. 13 (1): 63–9. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3062.2010.00549.x. PMID 20678090.
  4. Martiniuk F, Rao SD, Rea TH, Glickman MS, Giovinazzo J, Rom WN; et al. (2007). "Leprosy as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-positive persons". Emerg Infect Dis. 13 (9): 1438–40. doi:10.3201/eid1309.070301. PMC 2857291. PMID 18252138.
  5. Sarno EN, Illarramendi X, Nery JA, Sales AM, Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, Penna ML; et al. (2008). "HIV-M. leprae interaction: can HAART modify the course of leprosy?". Public Health Rep. 123 (2): 206–12. PMC 2239330. PMID 18457073.
  6. Deps PD, Lockwood DN (2008). "Leprosy occurring as immune reconstitution syndrome". Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 102 (10): 966–8. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.003. PMID 18639911.
  7. Couppié P, Domergue V, Clyti E, El Guedj M, Vaz T, Sainte-Marie D; et al. (2009). "Increased incidence of leprosy following HAART initiation: a manifestation of the immune reconstitution disease". AIDS. 23 (12): 1599–600. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832bb5b7. PMID 19487911.
  8. Truman, Richard W.; Singh, Pushpendra; Sharma, Rahul; Busso, Philippe; Rougemont, Jacques; Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto; Kapopoulou, Adamandia; Brisse, Sylvain; Scollard, David M.; Gillis, Thomas P.; Cole, Stewart T. (2011). "Probable Zoonotic Leprosy in the Southern United States". New England Journal of Medicine. 364 (17): 1626–1633. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1010536. ISSN 0028-4793.
  9. Alter A, Alcaïs A, Abel L, Schurr E (2008). "Leprosy as a genetic model for susceptibility to common infectious diseases". Hum Genet. 123 (3): 227–35. doi:10.1007/s00439-008-0474-z. PMID 18247059.
  10. Zhang FR, Huang W, Chen SM, Sun LD, Liu H, Li Y; et al. (2009). "Genomewide association study of leprosy". N Engl J Med. 361 (27): 2609–18. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0903753. PMID 20018961.
  11. Moet FJ, Pahan D, Schuring RP, Oskam L, Richardus JH (2006). "Physical distance, genetic relationship, age, and leprosy classification are independent risk factors for leprosy in contacts of patients with leprosy". J Infect Dis. 193 (3): 346–53. doi:10.1086/499278. PMID 16388481.
  12. Bhat, Ramesh Marne; Prakash, Chaitra (2012). "Leprosy: An Overview of Pathophysiology". Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases. 2012: 1–6. doi:10.1155/2012/181089. ISSN 1687-708X.


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