Legionellosis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] {{AE}]Tarek Nafee, M.D. [2] Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD

Overview

Legionellosis may be classified into three types based upon the affected organ systems and the clinical presentation: pulmonary infection (Legionnaires' disease), extrapulmonary infection, and Pontiac fever. Legionellosis may also be classified based on the infectious species responsible for the disease.

Classification

Legionellosis may be classified into three types based upon affected organ systems and clinical presentation:

Pulmonary Infection (Legionnaires' Disease)

  • Legionnaires' disease may further be classified into:

Extrapulmonary Legionella Infection

  • The following organ systems may be involved:

Pontiac Fever

  • A mild flu-like infectious disease without pneumonia. It is often distinguished from Legionnaires' disease by clinical features (see table below).
Characteristic Legionnaires' disease Pontiac fever
Clinical features Pneumonia, cough, fever Flu-like illness (fever, chills, malaise) without pneumonia
Radiographic pneumonia Yes No
Incubation period 2-14 days after exposure 24-72 hours after exposure
Etiologic agent Legionella species Legionella species
Attack rate[1] < 5% > 90%
Isolation of organism Possible Never
Outcome Hospitalization common
Case-fatality rate: 5-30%
Hospitalization uncommon
Case-fatality rate: 0%

Microbiological Classification

Legionellosis may also be classified based on the infectious species responsible for the disease. Species of Legionella include:

References

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