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{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
__NOTOC__
  Name       = Congenital laryngomalacia |
'''For patient information, click [[Laryngomalacia (patient information)|here]]'''
  Image       = Laryngomalacia.jpg |
{{Infobox_Disease
  Caption     = Omega shaped epiglottis, seen in laryngomalacia |
| Name           = {{PAGENAME}}
  ICD10      = {{ICD10|Q|31|5|q|30}} |
| Image         = Laryngomalacia.jpg
  ICD9        = {{ICD9|748.3}} |
| Caption       = Omega shaped epiglottis, seen in laryngomalacia
}}
}}
{{SI}}
{{Laryngomalacia}}
 
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}


{{EH}}
{{SK}} Laryngotracheomalacia; tracheolaryngomalacia; soft larynx.
 
==[[Laryngomalacia overview|Overview]]==
==Overview==
==[[Laryngomalacia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
 
==[[Laryngomalacia classification|Classification]]==
'''Laryngomalacia''' (literally, "soft [[larynx]]") is a very common condition of infancy, in which the soft, immature [[cartilage]] of the upper larynx collapses inward during inhalation, causing airway obstruction.  It can also be seen in older patients, especially those with neuromuscular conditions resulting in weakness of the muscles of the throat.  However, the infantile form is much more common.
==[[Laryngomalacia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Laryngomalacia causes|Causes]]==
In infantile laryngomalacia, the supraglottic [[larynx]] (the part above the [[vocal cords]]) is tightly curled, with a short band holding the cartilage shield in the front (the [[epiglottis]]) tightly to the mobile cartilage in the back of the larynx (the arytenoids).  These bands are known as the aryepiglottic folds; they create the movements that opens and closes the vocal cords for phonation.  The shortened aryepiglottic folds cause the epiglottis to be furled on itself.  This is the well known "omega shaped" epiglottis in laryngomalacia.
==[[Laryngomalacia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Laryngomalacia from other Diseases]]==
==[[Laryngomalacia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
==[[Laryngomalacia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Laryngomalacia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
==Diagnosis==


Laryngomalacia results in partial airway obstruction, most commonly causing a characteristic high-pitched squeaking noise on inhalation (inspiratory [[stridor]]).  Some infants have feeding difficulties related to this problem.  Rarely, children will have significant life threatening airway obstruction.  The vast majority, however, will only have stridor without other more serious symptoms.
[[Laryngomalacia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Laryngomalacia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Laryngomalacia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Laryngomalacia x ray|X Ray]] | [[Laryngomalacia CT|CT]] | [[Laryngomalacia MRI|MRI]] | [[Laryngomalacia endoscopy|Endoscopy]] | [[Laryngomalacia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Laryngomalacia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
==Treatment==
[[Laryngomalacia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Laryngomalacia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Laryngomalacia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Laryngomalacia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Laryngomalacia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Laryngomalacia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
==Case Studies==
[[Laryngomalacia case study one|Case #1]]
{{clr}}


The conventional wisdom about laryngomalacia is that the noise is more pronounced when the patient is on his or her back (with gravity making the epiglottis fall backwards).  This, however, is a more common finding in older patients rather than in infants.
[[Category:Disease]]
 
Laryngomalacia becomes symptomatic after the first few weeks of life, and may get louder over the first year, as the child moves air more vigorously.  It generally resolves spontaneously by the second year of life.  In rare cases (less than 5%), surgery is necessary.  Most commonly, this involves cutting the aryepiglottic folds to let the supraglottic airway spring open.  Treatment of [[gastroesophageal reflux]] disease can also help in the treatment of laryngomalacia, since gastric contents can cause the back part of the larynx to swell and collapse even further into the airway.  In severe cases, a temporary [[tracheotomy]] may be necessary.
 
==References==
* Holinger LD, Konior RJ. Surgical management of severe laryngomalacia. Laryngoscope. 1989 Feb;99(2):136-42.
 
* Zalzal GH, Stridor and airway compromise. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1989 Dec;36(6):1389-402. 
 
* Solomons NB, Prescott CA. Laryngomalacia. A review and the surgical management for severe cases. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1987 Jun;13(1):31-9.
 
[[Category:Diseases]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
 
[[ar:لين الحنجرة]]
{{Congenital malformations and deformations of respiratory system}}
[[de:Laryngomalazie]]
{{SIB}}
[[es:Laringomalacia]]
 
[[it:Laringomalacia]]
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
[[pl:Laryngomalacja]]
{{WS}}
[[fi:Laryngomalasia]]

Latest revision as of 19:06, 6 February 2013

For patient information, click here

Laryngomalacia
Omega shaped epiglottis, seen in laryngomalacia

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Laryngotracheomalacia; tracheolaryngomalacia; soft larynx.

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Laryngomalacia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | MRI | Endoscopy | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

ar:لين الحنجرة de:Laryngomalazie it:Laringomalacia fi:Laryngomalasia

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