Interleukin-12 subunit beta

Interleukin 12B (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40)
PDB rendering based on 1f42.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: Template:Homologene2PDBe PDBe, Template:Homologene2uniprot RCSB List of PDB id codes 1f42​, 1f45​
Identifiers
Symbols	IL12B ; CLMF; CLMF2; IL-12B; NKSF; NKSF2
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 1648
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Subunit beta of interleukin 12 (also known as natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, or cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40) (human gene name IL12B) is a subunit of human interleukin 12.

This gene encodes a subunit of interleukin 12, a cytokine that acts on T and natural killer cells, and has a broad array of biological activities. Interleukin 12 is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of the 40 kD cytokine receptor like subunit encoded by this gene, and a 35 kD subunit encoded by IL12A. This cytokine is expressed by activated macrophages that serve as an essential inducer of Th1 cells development. This cytokine has been found to be important for sustaining a sufficient number of memory/effector Th1 cells to mediate long-term protection to an intracellular pathogen. Overexpression of this gene was observed in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of the disease. The promoter gene polymorphism of this gene has been reported to be associated with the severity of atopic and non-atopic asthma in children.

Further reading

• Airoldi I, Guglielmino R, Carra G; et al. (2002). "The interleukin-12 and interleukin-12 receptor system in normal and transformed human B lymphocytes". Haematologica. 87 (4): 434–42. PMID 11940489.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Abdi K (2002). "IL-12: the role of p40 versus p75". Scand. J. Immunol. 56 (1): 1–11. PMID 12100467.
• Sieburth D, Jabs EW, Warrington JA; et al. (1992). "Assignment of genes encoding a unique cytokine (IL12) composed of two unrelated subunits to chromosomes 3 and 5". Genomics. 14 (1): 59–62. PMID 1358798.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Wolf SF, Temple PA, Kobayashi M; et al. (1991). "Cloning of cDNA for natural killer cell stimulatory factor, a heterodimeric cytokine with multiple biologic effects on T and natural killer cells". J. Immunol. 146 (9): 3074–81. PMID 1673147.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gubler U, Chua AO, Schoenhaut DS; et al. (1991). "Coexpression of two distinct genes is required to generate secreted bioactive cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (10): 4143–7. PMID 1674604.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gearing DP, Cosman D (1991). "Homology of the p40 subunit of natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF) with the extracellular domain of the interleukin-6 receptor". Cell. 66 (1): 9–10. PMID 2070420.
• Stern AS, Podlaski FJ, Hulmes JD; et al. (1990). "Purification to homogeneity and partial characterization of cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor from human B-lymphoblastoid cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (17): 6808–12. PMID 2204066.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Aragane Y, Riemann H, Bhardwaj RS; et al. (1995). "IL-12 is expressed and released by human keratinocytes and epidermoid carcinoma cell lines". J. Immunol. 153 (12): 5366–72. PMID 7527439.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Ling P, Gately MK, Gubler U; et al. (1995). "Human IL-12 p40 homodimer binds to the IL-12 receptor but does not mediate biologic activity". J. Immunol. 154 (1): 116–27. PMID 7527811.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Murphy TL, Cleveland MG, Kulesza P; et al. (1995). "Regulation of interleukin 12 p40 expression through an NF-kappa B half-site". Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (10): 5258–67. PMID 7565674.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Sharma V, Knobloch TJ, Benjamin D (1995). "Differential expression of cytokine genes in HIV-1 tat transfected T and B cell lines". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 208 (2): 704–13. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1395. PMID 7695626.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Warrington JA, Bengtsson U (1995). "High-resolution physical mapping of human 5q31-q33 using three methods: radiation hybrid mapping, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis". Genomics. 24 (2): 395–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1636. PMID 7698768.
• D'Andrea A, Ma X, Aste-Amezaga M; et al. (1995). "Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 on the production of cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: priming for IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha production". J. Exp. Med. 181 (2): 537–46. PMID 7836910.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gillessen S, Carvajal D, Ling P; et al. (1995). "Mouse interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40 homodimer: a potent IL-12 antagonist". Eur. J. Immunol. 25 (1): 200–6. PMID 7843232.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Radrizzani M, Accornero P, Amidei A; et al. (1995). "IL-12 inhibits apoptosis induced in a human Th1 clone by gp120/CD4 cross-linking and CD3/TCR activation or by IL-2 deprivation". Cell. Immunol. 161 (1): 14–21. doi:10.1006/cimm.1995.1003. PMID 7867080.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Ma X, Chow JM, Gri G; et al. (1996). "The interleukin 12 p40 gene promoter is primed by interferon gamma in monocytic cells". J. Exp. Med. 183 (1): 147–57. PMID 8551218.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Fantuzzi L, Gessani S, Borghi P; et al. (1996). "Induction of interleukin-12 (IL-12) by recombinant glycoprotein gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in human monocytes/macrophages: requirement of gamma interferon for IL-12 secretion". J. Virol. 70 (6): 4121–4. PMID 8648753.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Cella M, Scheidegger D, Palmer-Lehmann K; et al. (1996). "Ligation of CD40 on dendritic cells triggers production of high levels of interleukin-12 and enhances T cell stimulatory capacity: T-T help via APC activation". J. Exp. Med. 184 (2): 747–52. PMID 8760829.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Kato K, Shimozato O, Hoshi K; et al. (1996). "Local production of the p40 subunit of interleukin 12 suppresses T-helper 1-mediated immune responses and prevents allogeneic myoblast rejection". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (17): 9085–9. PMID 8799158.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Taoufik Y, Lantz O, Wallon C; et al. (1997). "Human immunodeficiency virus gp120 inhibits interleukin-12 secretion by human monocytes: an indirect interleukin-10-mediated effect". Blood. 89 (8): 2842–8. PMID 9108403.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)