Immunoglobulin supergene family

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Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Henry A. Hoff

The immunoglobulin supergene family is "the group of proteins that have immunoglobulin-like domains, including histocompatibility antigens, the T-cell antigen receptor, poly-IgR, and other proteins involved in the vertebrate immune response (17)."[1]

Immunoglobulin supergenes

Each family within the immunoglobulin supergene family has its share of human genes:

  1. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters [3]: 23, 6890, 6891,
  2. Carcinoembryonic antigen genes [12]: 634, 1048, 1084, 1087, 1088, 1089, 4680, 56971, 90273, 125931, 388551, 729767,
  3. Cell adhesion molecule genes [23]: 214, 914, 1826, 3897, 4059, 4162, 4684, 4685, 4897, 4978, 5175, 7412, 8174, 10752, 23705, 51148, 57453, 57863, 90952, 199731, 220296, 221935, 253559,
  4. Cell adhesion-related genes [1]: 50937,
  5. Immunoglobulin domain genes [208]: 915, 916, 917, 3492, 3493, 3494, 3495, 3496, 3497, 3500, 3501, 3502, 3503, 3507, 3514, 3515, 3519, 3535, 3537, 3538, 3539, 3543, 3546, 6405, 6696, 7075, 7842, 7869, 8217, 9723, 9860, 10371, 10505, 10507, 10509, 10512, 11317, 11326, 23584, 26018, 26103, 28299, 28385, 28386, 28389, 28391, 28392, 28394, 28395, 28396, 28397, 28398, 28399, 28400, 28401, 28406, 28408, 28409, 28410, 28412, 28414, 28420, 28423, 28424, 28426, 28434, 28439, 28442, 28444, 28445, 28448, 28449, 28450, 28451, 28452, 28454, 28455, 28457, 28458, 28461, 28464, 28465, 28466, 28467, 28468, 28472, 28473, 28474, 28475, 28476, 28477, 28479, 28481, 28483, 28484, 28485, 28486, 28487, 28488, 28490, 28491, 28492, 28494, 28496, 28497, 28498, 28499, 28500, 28501, 28502, 28503, 28504, 28505, 28506, 28507, 28509, 28510, 28772, 28773, 28774, 28775, 28776, 28778, 28779, 28781, 28782, 28783, 28784, 28785, 28786, 28791, 28793, 28795, 28796, 28797, 28799, 28802, 28803, 28804, 28809, 28813, 28814, 28815, 28816, 28817, 28820, 28822, 28823, 28825, 28826, 28827, 28828, 28831, 28832, 28833, 28834, 28874, 28875, 28876, 28877, 28878, 28881, 28882, 28883, 28891, 28893, 28896, 28900, 28901, 28902, 28903, 28904, 28907, 28908, 28912, 28913, 28914, 28916, 28919, 28921, 28923, 28930, 28933, 28935, 28937, 28938, 28939, 28940, 28941, 28942, 28943, 28946, 28947, 28948, 28949, 28950, 50802, 54841, 54910, 56920, 57289, 57290, 89770, 158038, 340745, 345193, 388364, 391123,
  6. Immunoglobulin receptor superfamily [50]: 973, 974, 1630, 2208, 2209, 2212, 2213, 2214, 3802, 3803, 3804, 3805, 3806, 3808, 3809, 3810, 3811, 3812, 3813, 3903, 3904, 5284, 10288, 10859, 10990, 11006, 11024, 11025, 11026, 11027, 23547, 26762, 57292, 79368, 83416, 83417, 84868, 115350, 115352, 115653, 126014, 286676, 340745, 343413, 345193, 353514, 388364, 391123, 553128, 100132285,
  7. Immunoglobulin superfamily genes [29]: 682, 2204, 3321, 3476, 3547, 3671, 9398, 9543, 10261, 10871, 11314, 22997, 57549, 57611, 57722, 83953, 84966, 93185, 117166, 121227, 124857, 140885, 146722, 147710, 150084, 152404, 283284, 285313, 492311,
  8. Immunoglobulin supergenes [3]: 1, 7441, 29802,
  9. Intercellular adhesion molecule genes [5]: 3383, 3384, 3385, 3386, 7087,
  10. Junction adhesion molecule genes [5]: 50848, 58494, 83700, 120425, 340547,
  11. Major histocompatibility complex class I gene family [33]: 563, 567, 696, 821, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 2217, 2794, 3077, 3105, 3106, 3107, 3133, 3134, 3135, 3140, 4277, 6992, 7726, 10107, 10384, 10385, 11118, 11119, 11120, 79692, 222698, 282890, 353219, 100507436,
  12. Major histocompatibility complex class II gene family [43]: 972, 1302, 1388, 1616, 2968, 3108, 3109, 3111, 3112, 3113, 3115, 3117, 3118, 3119, 3120, 3121, 3122, 3123, 3125, 3126, 3127, 3833, 4261, 4904, 5089, 5252, 5696, 5698, 5863, 6015, 6046, 6048, 6222, 6257, 6293, 7922, 7923, 8705, 8831, 9277, 9278, 9374, 10471,
  13. Major histocompatibility complex class III gene family [41]: 177, 578, 629, 717, 720, 721, 780, 1041, 1192, 1432, 1460, 1589, 1797, 2289, 2914, 4295, 4439, 4736, 4758, 4855, 5460, 5514, 5603, 6204, 6631, 6732, 6882, 6941, 6954, 7148, 7287, 7407, 7629, 7936, 7940, 8449, 8859, 8870, 9656, 10211, 259197,
  14. Major histocompatibility complex class IV gene family [6]: 199, 3303, 3304, 3305, 3309, 6892,
  15. Major histocompatibility complex class V gene family [6]: 534, 7916, 7917, 7918, 7919, 7920,
  16. Major histocompatibility complex class VI gene family [3]: 4049, 4050, 7124 - 3 genes,
  17. ZAS family [1]: 3096,
  18. for a total of 467 genes.

The human gene sequence is 1, 23, 177, 199, 214, 534, 563, 567, 578, 629, 634, 682, 696, 717, 720, 721, 780, 821, 909, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 972, 973, 974, 1041, 1048, 1084, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1192, 1302, 1388, 1432, 1460, 1589, 1616, 1630, 1797, 1826, 2204, 2208, 2209, 2212, 2213, 2214, 2217, 2289, 2794, 2914, 2968, 3077, 3096, 3105, 3106, 3107, 3108, 3109, 3111, 3112, 3113, 3115, 3117, 3118, 3119, 3120, 3121, 3122, 3123, 3125, 3126, 3127, 3133, 3134, 3135, 3140, 3303, 3304, 3305, 3309, 3321, 3383, 3384, 3385, 3386, 3476, 3492, 3493, 3494, 3495, 3496, 3497, 3500, 3501, 3502, 3503, 3507, 3514, 3515, 3519, 3535, 3537, 3538, 3539, 3543, 3546, 3547, 3671, 3802, 3803, 3804, 3805, 3806, 3808, 3809, 3810, 3811, 3812, 3813, 3833, 3897, 3903, 3904, 4049, 4050, 4059, 4162, 4261, 4277, 4295, 4439, 4680, 4684, 4685, 4736, 4758, 4855, 4897, 4904, 4978, 5089, 5175, 5252, 5284, 5460, 5514, 5603, 5696, 5698, 5863, 6015, 6046, 6048, 6204, 6222, 6257, 6293, 6405, 6631, 6696, 6732, 6882, 6890, 6891, 6892, 6941, 6954, 6992, 7075, 7087, 7124, 7148, 7287, 7407, 7412, 7441, 7629, 7726, 7842, 7869, 7916, 7917, 7918, 7919, 7920, 7922, 7923, 7936, 7940, 8174, 8217, 8449, 8705, 8831, 8859, 8870, 9277, 9278, 9374, 9398, 9543, 9656, 9723, 9860, 10107, 10211, 10261, 10288, 10371, 10384, 10385, 10471, 10505, 10507, 10509, 10512, 10752, 10859, 10871, 10990, 11006, 11024, 11025, 11026, 11027, 11118, 11119, 11120, 11317, 11326, 11314, 22997, 23547, 23584, 23705, 26018, 26103, 26762, 28299, 28385, 28386, 28389, 28391, 28392, 28394, 28395, 28396, 28397, 28398, 28399, 28400, 28401, 28406, 28408, 28409, 28410, 28412, 28414, 28420, 28423, 28424, 28426, 28434, 28439, 28442, 28444, 28445, 28448, 28449, 28450, 28451, 28452, 28454, 28455, 28457, 28458, 28461, 28464, 28465, 28466, 28467, 28468, 28472, 28473, 28474, 28475, 28476, 28477, 28479, 28481, 28483, 28484, 28485, 28486, 28487, 28488, 28490, 28491, 28492, 28494, 28496, 28497, 28498, 28499, 28500, 28501, 28502, 28503, 28504, 28505, 28506, 28507, 28509, 28510, 28772, 28773, 28774, 28775, 28776, 28778, 28779, 28781, 28782, 28783, 28784, 28785, 28786, 28791, 28793, 28795, 28796, 28797, 28799, 28802, 28803, 28804, 28809, 28813, 28814, 28815, 28816, 28817, 28820, 28822, 28823, 28825, 28826, 28827, 28828, 28831, 28832, 28833, 28834, 28874, 28875, 28876, 28877, 28878, 28881, 28882, 28883, 28891, 28893, 28896, 28900, 28901, 28902, 28903, 28904, 28907, 28908, 28912, 28913, 28914, 28916, 28919, 28921, 28923, 28930, 28933, 28935, 28937, 28938, 28939, 28940, 28941, 28942, 28943, 28946, 28947, 28948, 28949, 28950, 29802, 50802, 50848, 50937, 51148, 54910, 54841, 56920, 56971, 57289, 57290, 57292, 57453, 57549, 57611, 57722, 57863, 58494, 79368, 79692, 83416, 83417, 83700, 83953, 84868, 84966, 89770, 90273, 90952, 93185, 115350, 115352, 115653, 117166, 120425, 121227, 124857, 125931, 126014, 140885, 146722, 147710, 150084, 152404, 158035, 199731, 220296, 221935, 222698, 253559, 259197, 282890, 283284, 285313, 286676, 340547, 340745, 345193, 353219, 353514, 388364, 388551, 391123, 492311, 553128, 729767, 100132285, 100507436.

Gene ID: 1 A1BG alpha-1-B glycoprotein on 19q13.43: "The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma glycoprotein of unknown function. The protein shows sequence similarity to the variable regions of some immunoglobulin supergene family member proteins."[2]

  1. NP_570602.2 alpha-1B-glycoprotein precursor [...] cd05751 Location: 401 → 493 Ig1_LILRB1_like; First immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain found in Leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILR)B1 (also known as LIR-1) and similar proteins, smart00410 Location: 218 → 280 IG_like; Immunoglobulin like, pfam13895 Location: 210 → 301 Ig_2; Immunoglobulin domain and cl11960 Location: 28 → 110 Ig; Immunoglobulin domain.[2]

A1BG contains the immunoglobulin domain: cl11960 and three immunoglobulin-like domains: pfam13895, cd05751 and smart00410.

"Immunoglobulin (Ig) domain [cl11960] found in the Ig superfamily. The Ig superfamily is a heterogenous group of proteins, built on a common fold comprised of a sandwich of two beta sheets. Members of this group are components of immunoglobulin, neuroglia, cell surface glycoproteins, such as, T-cell receptors, CD2, CD4, CD8, and membrane glycoproteins, such as, butyrophilin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein. A predominant feature of most Ig domains is a disulfide bridge connecting the two beta-sheets with a tryptophan residue packed against the disulfide bond."[3]

"This domain [pfam13895] contains immunoglobulin-like domains."[4]

"Ig1_LILR_KIR_like: [cd05751] domain similar to the first immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain found in Leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILRs) and Natural killer inhibitory receptors (KIRs). This group includes LILRB1 (or LIR-1), LILRA5 (or LIR9), an activating natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp46, the immune-type receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI), and the IgA-specific receptor Fc-alphaRI (or CD89). LILRs are a family of immunoreceptors expressed on expressed on T and B cells, on monocytes, dendritic cells, and subgroups of natural killer (NK) cells. The human LILR family contains nine proteins (LILRA1-3,and 5, and LILRB1-5). From functional assays, and as the cytoplasmic domains of various LILRs, for example LILRB1 (LIR-1), LILRB2 (LIR-2), and LILRB3 (LIR-3) contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) it is thought that LIR proteins are inhibitory receptors. Of the eight LIR family proteins, only LIR-1 (LILRB1), and LIR-2 (LILRB2), show detectable binding to class I MHC molecules; ligands for the other members have yet to be determined. The extracellular portions of the different LIR proteins contain different numbers of Ig-like domains for example, four in the case of LILRB1 (LIR-1), and LILRB2 (LIR-2), and two in the case of LILRB4 (LIR-5). The activating natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp46 is expressed in natural killer cells, and is organized as an extracellular portion having two Ig-like extracellular domains, a transmembrane domain, and a small cytoplasmic portion. GPVI, which also contains two Ig-like domains, participates in the processes of collagen-mediated platelet activation and arterial thrombus formation. Fc-alphaRI is expressed on monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages; it mediates IgA-induced immune effector responses such as phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and respiratory burst."[5]

"IG domains [smart00410] that cannot be classified into one of IGv1, IGc1, IGc2, IG."[6] "𝛂1B-glycoprotein(𝛂1B) [...] consists of a single polypeptide chain N-linked to four glucosamine oligosaccharides. The polypeptide has five intrachain disulfide bonds and contains 474 amino acid residues. [...] 𝛂1B exhibits internal duplication and consists of five repeating structural domains, each containing about 95 amino acids and one disulfide bond. [...] several domains of 𝛂1B, especially the third, show statistically significant homology to variable regions of certain immunoglobulin light and heavy chains. 𝛂1B [...] exhibits sequence similarity to other members of the immunoglobulin supergene family such as the receptor for transepithelial transport of IgA and IgM and the secretory component of human IgA."[1]

"Some of the domains of 𝛂1B show significant homology to variable (V) and constant (C) regions of certain immunoglobulins. Likewise, there is statistically significant homology between 𝛂1B and the secretory component (SC) of human IgA (15) and also with the extracellular portion of the rabbit receptor for transepithelial transport of polymeric immunoglobulins (IgA and IgM). Mostov et al. (16) have called the later protein the poly-Ig receptor or poly-IgR and have shown that it is the precursor of SC."[1]

Gene ID: 7441 is VPREB1 V-set pre-B cell surrogate light chain 1 on 22q11.22: "The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed selectively at the early stages of B cell development, namely, in proB and early preB cells. This gene encodes the iota polypeptide chain that is associated with the Ig-mu chain to form a molecular complex which is expressed on the surface of pre-B cells. The complex is thought to regulate Ig gene rearrangements in the early steps of B-cell differentiation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants."[7]

  1. NP_001290438.1 immunoglobulin iota chain isoform 2: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site in the coding region and initiates translation at an alternate start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a distinct N-terminus and is shorter than isoform 1."[7] smart00410 Location: 25 → 115 IG_like; Immunoglobulin like and cl11960 Location: 29 → 117 Ig; Immunoglobulin domain.[7]
  2. NP_009059.1 immunoglobulin iota chain isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1)."[7] smart00410 Location: 26 → 116 IG_like; Immunoglobulin like and cl11960 Location: 30 → 118 Ig; Immunoglobulin domain.[7]

Gene ID: 29802 is VPREB3 V-set pre-B cell surrogate light chain 3 on 22q11.23; 22q11: "The protein encoded by this gene is the human ortholog of the mouse VpreB3 (8HS20) protein, is thought to be involved in B-cell maturation, and may play a role in assembly of the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR). While the role of this protein in B-cell development has not yet been elucidated, studies with the chicken ortholog of this protein have found that when overexpressed, this protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. The mouse ortholog of this protein has been shown to associate with membrane mu heavy chains early in the course of pre-B cell receptor biosynthesis. Expression of this gene has been observed in some lymphomas."[8]

  1. NP_037510.1 pre-B lymphocyte protein 3 precursor [...] cl11960 Location: 30 → 122 Ig; Immunoglobulin domain.[8]

Carcinoembryonic antigen gene family

Immunoglobulin superfamily genes

Gene ID: 682 is BSG basigin (Ok blood group) on 19p13.3: "The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma membrane protein that is important in spermatogenesis, embryo implantation, neural network formation, and tumor progression. The encoded protein is also a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene."[9]

  1. NP_001309172.1 basigin isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (5), as well as variant 2, encodes isoform 2."[9]
  2. NP_001719.2 basigin isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1)."[9]
  3. NP_940991.1 basigin isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) has the same N- and C-termini but is shorter compared to isoform 1. Variants 2 and 5 both encode the same isoform (2)."[9]
  4. NP_940992.1 basigin isoform 3: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform 1."[9]
  5. NP_940993.1 basigin isoform 4: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (4) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 1."[9]

Gene ID: 2204 is FCAR Fc fragment of IgA receptor on 19q13.42: "This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily and encodes a receptor for the Fc region of IgA. The receptor is a transmembrane glycoprotein present on the surface of myeloid lineage cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils, where it mediates immunologic responses to pathogens. It interacts with IgA-opsonized targets and triggers several immunologic defense processes, including phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and stimulation of the release of inflammatory mediators. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene."[10]

  1. NP_001991.1 immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor isoform a precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1, also known as a.1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (a)."[10]
  2. NP_579803.1 immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor isoform b precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2, also known as a.2, delta66EC2, or U06) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (b) is shorter than isoform a."[10]
  3. NP_579805.1 immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor isoform c precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3, also known as a.3, Rla2, deltaE2, or U08) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (c) is shorter than isoform a."[10]
  4. NP_579806.1 immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor isoform d: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4, also known as deltaS2 or U11) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (d) is shorter than isoform a."[10]
  5. NP_579807.1 immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor isoform e:"Transcript Variant: This variant (5, also known as U10) lacks alternate in-frame exons in the 5' and 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (e) is shorter than isoform a."[10]
  6. NP_579808.1 immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor isoform f: "Transcript Variant: This variant (6, also known as U09) lacks an in-frame exon in the 5' coding region and uses an alternate splice site in the 3' coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (f) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform a."[10]
  7. NP_579811.1 immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor isoform g: "Transcript Variant: This variant (7, also known as deltaS2ECl or L10) lacks two in-frame exons in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (g) is shorter than isoform a."[10]
  8. NP_579812.1 immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor isoform h: "Transcript Variant: This variant (8, also known as deltaS266Ec2 or U13) lacks an in-frame exon in the 5' coding region and uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (h) is shorter than isoform a."[10]

Gene ID: 3321 is IGSF3 immunoglobulin superfamily member 3 on 1p13.1: "The protein encoded by this gene is an immunoglobulin-like membrane protein containing several V-type Ig-like domains. A mutation in this gene has been associated with bilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction (LCDD)."[11]

  1. NP_001007238.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 3 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and lacks an alternate in-frame exon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter than isoform 1."[11]
  2. NP_001533.2 immunoglobulin superfamily member 3 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1)."[11]

Gene ID: 3476 is IGBP1 immunoglobulin binding protein 1 on Xq13.1: "The proliferation and differentiation of B cells is dependent upon a B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) complex. Binding of antigens to specific B-cell receptors results in a tyrosine phosphorylation reaction through the BCR complex and leads to multiple signal transduction pathways."[12]

  1. NP_001357121.1 immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform 1 [variant 2].[12]
  2. NP_001357122.1 immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform 1 [variant 3].[12]
  3. NP_001357123.1 immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform 2 [variant 4].[12]
  4. NP_001542.1 immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform 1 [variant 1].[12]

Gene ID: 3547 is IGSF1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 on Xq26.1: "This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin-like domain-containing superfamily. Proteins in this superfamily contain varying numbers of immunoglobulin-like domains and are thought to participate in the regulation of interactions between cells. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene."[13]

  1. NP_001164432.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 isoform 3 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest protein (isoform 3)."[13]
  2. NP_001164433.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 isoform 4: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 5' coding region and uses an alternate in-frame splice site in a 3' exon compared to variant 3. The resulting protein (isoform 4) is shorter compared to isoform 3."[13]
  3. NP_001164434.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (5) differs in the 5' UTR, and 3' coding region and UTR compared to variant 3. The resulting protein (isoform 2) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform 3. Variants 2 and 5 encode the same protein."[13]
  4. NP_001546.2 immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in a 3' exon compared to variant 3. The resulting protein (isoform 1) is shorter compared to isoform 3."[13]
  5. NP_991402.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 3' coding region and UTR compared to variant 3. The resulting protein (isoform 2) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform 3. Variants 2 and 5 encode the same protein."[13]

Gene ID: 3671 is ISLR immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine rich repeat on 15q24.1.[14]

  1. NP_005536.1 immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat protein precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein."[14]
  2. NP_958934.1 immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat protein precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein."[14]

Gene ID: 9398 is CD101 CD101 molecule aka IGSF2 on 1p13.1.[15]

  1. NP_001243035.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 2 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site in the 3' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2 and 3 all encode isoform 1."[15]
  2. NP_001243038.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 2 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate splice site in the 3' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2 and 3 all encode isoform 1."[15]
  3. NP_001243040.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 2 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region, and also an alternate splice site in the 3' UTR, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter than isoform 1."[15]
  4. NP_004249.2 immunoglobulin superfamily member 2 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1). Variants 1, 2 and 3 all encode isoform 1."[15]

Gene ID: 9543 is IGDCC3 immunoglobulin superfamily DCC subclass member 3 on 15q22.31.[16]

  1. NP_004875.2 immunoglobulin superfamily DCC subclass member 3 precursor.[16]

Gene ID: 10261 is IGSF6 immunoglobulin superfamily member 6 on 16p12.2.[17]

  1. NP_005840.2 immunoglobulin superfamily member 6 precursor.[17]

Gene ID: 10871 is CD300C CD300c molecule aka IGSF16 on 17q25.1: "The CMRF35 antigen, which was identified by reactivity with a monoclonal antibody, is present on monocytes, neutrophils, and some T and B lymphocytes (Jackson et al., 1992 [PubMed 1349532])."[18]

  1. NP_006669.1 CMRF35-like molecule 6 precursor.[18]

Gene ID: 11314 is CD300A CD300a molecule aka IGSF12 on 17q25.1: "This gene encodes a member of the CD300 glycoprotein family of cell surface proteins found on leukocytes involved in immune response signaling pathways. This gene is located on chromosome 17 in a cluster with all but one of the other family members. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene."[19]

  1. NP_001243770.1 CMRF35-like molecule 8 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an exon in the 5' coding region compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 2), also referred to as IRC1c, is shorter compared to isoform 1."[19]
  2. NP_001317385.1 CMRF35-like molecule 8 isoform 3 [variant 3].[19]
  3. NP_001317386.1 CMRF35-like molecule 8 isoform 4 precursor [variant 4].[19]
  4. NP_009192.2 CMRF35-like molecule 8 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer protein (isoform 1), also referred to as IRC1a."[19]

Gene ID: 22997 is IGSF9B immunoglobulin superfamily member 9B on 11q25.[20]

  1. NP_001264214.1 protein turtle homolog B precursor.[20]

Gene ID: 57549 is IGSF9 immunoglobulin superfamily member 9 on 1q23.2.[21]

  1. NP_001128522.1 protein turtle homolog A isoform a precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (a)."[21]
  2. NP_065840.2 protein turtle homolog A isoform b precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice junction compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (b) has the same N- and C-termini but is shorter compared to isoform a."[21]

Gene ID: 57611 is ISLR2 immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine rich repeat 2 on 15q24.1.[22]

  1. NP_001123608.1 immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat protein 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. All four transcripts encode the same protein."[22]
  2. NP_001123609.1 immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat protein 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. All four transcripts encode the same protein."[22]
  3. NP_001123610.1 immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat protein 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. All four transcripts encode the same protein."[22]
  4. NP_065902.1 immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat protein 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. All four transcripts encode the same protein."[22]

Gene ID: 57722 is IGDCC4 immunoglobulin superfamily DCC subclass member 4 on 15q22.31.[23]

  1. NP_066013.1 immunoglobulin superfamily DCC subclass member 4 precursor.[23]

Gene ID: 65978 is IGSF6-DREV1 region containing immunoglobulin superfamily, member 6 and DREV1 on 16.[24]

Gene ID: 83953 is FCAMR Fc fragment of IgA and IgM receptor on 1q32.1.[25]

  1. NP_001116451.1 high affinity immunoglobulin alpha and immunoglobulin mu Fc receptor isoform a: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and lacks an alternate exon in the 3' coding region resulting in a frameshift, compared to variant 3. The resulting isoform (a) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform b. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same isoform."[25]
  2. NP_001164102.1 high affinity immunoglobulin alpha and immunoglobulin mu Fc receptor isoform b: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longer isoform (b)."[25]
  3. NP_114418.2 high affinity immunoglobulin alpha and immunoglobulin mu Fc receptor isoform a: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) lacks an alternate exon in the 3' coding region resulting in a frameshift, compared to variant 3. The resulting isoform (a) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform b. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same isoform."[25]

Gene ID: 84966 is IGSF21 immunoglobin superfamily member 21 on 1p36.13: "This gene encodes a protein which has two immunoglobulin (Ig) domains and is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Proteins in this superfamily are usually found on or in cell membranes and act as receptors in immune response pathways."[26]

  1. NP_116269.3 immunoglobulin superfamily member 21 precursor.[26]

Gene ID: 93185 is IGSF8 immunoglobulin superfamily member 8 on 1q23.2: "This gene encodes a member the EWI subfamily of the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Members of this family contain a single transmembrane domain, an EWI (Glu-Trp-Ile)-motif and a variable number of immunoglobulin domains. This protein interacts with the tetraspanins CD81 and CD9 and may regulate their role in certain cellular functions including cell migration and viral infection. The encoded protein may also function as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the proliferation of certain cancers. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein."[27]

  1. NP_001193594.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 8 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Both variants 1, 2 and 3 encode the same protein."[27] pfam07686 Location: 28 → 149 V-set; Immunoglobulin V-set domain and cl11960 Location: 318 → 419 Ig; Immunoglobulin domain.[27]
  2. NP_001307176.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 8 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 3' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2 and 3 encode the same protein."[27] pfam07686 Location: 28 → 149 V-set; Immunoglobulin V-set domain and cl11960 Location: 318 → 419 Ig; Immunoglobulin domain.[27]
  3. NP_443100.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 8 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1, 2 and 3 encode the same protein."[27] pfam07686 Location: 28 → 149 V-set; Immunoglobulin V-set domain and cl11960 Location: 318 → 419 Ig; Immunoglobulin domain.[27]

Gene ID: 117166 is WFIKKN1 WAP, follistatin/kazal, immunoglobulin, kunitz and netrin domain containing 1 on 16p13.3: "This gene encodes a secreted multidomain protein consisting of a signal peptide, a WAP domain, a follistatin domain, an immunoglobulin domain, two tandem Kunitz domains, and an NTR domain. These domains have been implicated frequently in inhibition of various types of proteases, suggesting that the encoded protein may be a multivalent protease inhibitor and may control the action of multiple types of serine proteases as well as metalloproteinases."[28]

  1. NP_444514.1 WAP, Kazal, immunoglobulin, Kunitz and NTR domain-containing protein 1 precursor, cd05765 Location: 200 → 280 Ig_3; Subgroup of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily.[28]

Gene ID: 121227 is LRIG3 leucine rich repeats and immunoglobulin like domains 3 on 12q14.1.[29]

  1. NP_001129523.1 leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 3 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the shorter transcript and encodes the shorter isoform (1)."[29] cd05763 Location: 560 → 634 Ig_1; Subgroup of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, smart00408 Location: 651 → 714 IGc2; Immunoglobulin C-2 Type, pfam07679 Location: 543 → 633 I-set; Immunoglobulin I-set domain, and pfam13927 Location: 438 → 525mIg_3; Immunoglobulin domain.[29]
  2. NP_700356.2 leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 3 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and 5' coding region and represents the use of an alternate promoter, compared to variant 1, which results in a protein (isoform 2) with a shorter and distinct N-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[29] cd05763 Location: 620 → 694 Ig_1; Subgroup of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, smart00408 Location: 711 → 774 IGc2; Immunoglobulin C-2 Type, pfam07679 Location: 603 → 693 I-set; Immunoglobulin I-set domain, pfam13927 Location: 498 → 585 Ig_3; Immunoglobulin domain.[29]

Gene ID: 124857 is WFIKKN2 WAP, follistatin/kazal, immunoglobulin, kunitz and netrin domain containing 2 on 17q21.33: "The WFIKKN1 protein contains a WAP domain, follistatin domain, immunoglobulin domain, two tandem Kunitz domains, and an NTR domain. This gene encodes a WFIKKN1-related protein which has the same domain organization as the WFIKKN1 protein. The WAP-type, follistatin type, Kunitz-type, and NTR-type protease inhibitory domains may control the action of multiple types of proteases."[30]

  1. NP_001317270.1 WAP, Kazal, immunoglobulin, Kunitz and NTR domain-containing protein 2 isoform 2, variant 2.[30]
  2. NP_783165.1 WAP, Kazal, immunoglobulin, Kunitz and NTR domain-containing protein 2 isoform 1 precursor, variant 1, cd05765 Location: 224 → 304 Ig_3; Subgroup of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, and pfam07679 Location: 216 → 304 I-set; Immunoglobulin I-set domain.[30]

Gene ID: 140885 is SIRPA signal regulatory protein alpha on 20p13: "The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the signal-regulatory-protein (SIRP) family, and also belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. SIRP family members are receptor-type transmembrane glycoproteins known to be involved in the negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled signaling processes. This protein can be phosphorylated by tyrosine kinases. The phospho-tyrosine residues of this PTP have been shown to recruit SH2 domain containing tyrosine phosphatases (PTP), and serve as substrates of PTPs. This protein was found to participate in signal transduction mediated by various growth factor receptors. CD47 has been demonstrated to be a ligand for this receptor protein. This gene and its product share very high similarity with several other members of the SIRP family. These related genes are located in close proximity to each other on chromosome 20p13. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been determined for this gene."[31]

  1. NP_001035111.1 tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type substrate 1 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) uses an alternate, in-frame, splice donor site in the 3' coding region compared to variant 4. This variant encodes a shorter protein (isoform 1) compared to isoform 2. Variants 1, 2, and 3 encode the same protein (isoform 1)."[31]
  2. NP_001035112.1 tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type substrate 1 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and uses an alternate, in-frame, splice donor site in the 3' coding region compared to variant 4. This variant encodes a shorter protein (isoform 1) compared to isoform 2. Variants 1, 2, and 3 encode the same protein (isoform 1)."[31]
  3. NP_001317657.1 tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type substrate 1 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) encodes the longer protein (isoform 2)."[31]
  4. NP_542970.1 tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type substrate 1 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR and uses an alternate, in-frame, splice donor site in the 3' coding region compared to variant 4. This variant encodes a shorter protein (isoform 1) compared to isoform 2. Variants 1, 2, and 3 encode the same protein (isoform 1)."[31]

Gene ID: 146722 is CD300LF CD300 molecule like family member f aka IgSF13 on 17q25.1: "This gene encodes a member of the CD300 protein family. Members of this family are cell surface glycoproteins with a single IgV-like extracellular domain, and are involved in the regulation of immune response. The encoded protein is an inhibitory receptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants."[32]

  1. NP_001276011.1 CMRF35-like molecule 1 isoform 2: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2, also known as sv3) differs in its 5' UTR, uses an alternate start codon, and lacks an exon in the central coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter and has distinct N- and C-termini, compared to isoform 1."[32]
  2. NP_001276012.1 CMRF35-like molecule 1 isoform 3 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) includes an alternate exon in the central coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[32]
  3. NP_001276013.1 CMRF35-like molecule 1 isoform 4: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the central coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (4) is longer, compared to isoform 1."[32]
  4. NP_001276014.1 CMRF35-like molecule 1 isoform 5: "Transcript Variant: This variant (5, also known as sv1) differs in its 5' UTR, and uses an alternate start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (5) has a longer and distinct N-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[32]
  5. NP_001276015.1 CMRF35-like molecule 1 isoform 6: "Transcript Variant: This variant (6) differs in its 5' UTR, uses an alternate start codon, and lacks an exon in the central coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (6) is shorter and has distinct N- and C-termini, compared to isoform 1."[32]
  6. NP_001276016.1 CMRF35-like molecule 1 isoform 7 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (7) lacks an exon in the central coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant (1). The encoded isoform (7) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to variant 1."[32]
  7. NP_620587.2 CMRF35-like molecule 1 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform 1."[32]

Gene ID: 147710 is IGSF23 immunoglobulin superfamily member 23 on 19q13.31: "This gene encodes a protein that has one immunoglobulin (Ig) domain and is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Proteins in this superfamily are usually found on or in cell membranes and act as receptors in immune response pathways."[33]

Gene ID: 150084 is IGSF5 immunoglobulin superfamily member 5 on 21q22.2.[34]

Gene ID: 152404 is IGSF11 immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 on 3q13.32.[35]

  1. NP_001015887.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 isoform b precursor [variant 2].[35]
  2. NP_001340247.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 isoform c [variant 3].[35]
  3. NP_001340248.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 isoform d [variant 4].[35]
  4. NP_001340249.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 isoform a precursor [variant 5].[35]
  5. NP_001340250.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 isoform e precursor [variant 6].[35]
  6. NP_001340251.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 isoform f precursor [variant 7].[35]
  7. NP_001340252.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 isoform g precursor [variant 8].[35]
  8. NP_001340253.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 isoform h precursor [variant 9].[35]
  9. NP_001340254.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 isoform i [variant 10].[35]
  10. NP_001340255.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 isoform j [variant 11].[35]
  11. NP_689751.2 immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 isoform a precursor [variant 1].[35]

Gene ID: 283284 is IGSF22 immunoglobulin superfamily member 22 on 11p15.1.[36]

  1. NP_775859.4 immunoglobulin superfamily member 22: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the protein-coding transcript."[36]

Gene ID: 285313 is IGSF10 immunoglobulin superfamily member 10 on 3q25.1.[37]

  1. NP_001171616.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 10 isoform 2: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 1."[37]
  2. NP_001171617.1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 10 isoform 3: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform 1."[37]
  3. NP_849144.2 immunoglobulin superfamily member 10 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1)."[37]

Gene ID: 492311 is IGIP IgA inducing protein on 5q31.3.[38]

  1. NP_001007190.1 IgA-inducing protein homolog precursor.[38]

Major histocompatibility complex genes

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Several "genes have been described that are encoded in the telomeric end of the Class III region and that appear to be involved in both global and specific inflammatory responses. Due to this commonality of function this gene-rich region was dubbed Class IV, and includes the TNF family, AIF1, and HSP70."[39]

The B144/LST1 protein [...] is expressed in T cell, monocytic, and macrophage cell lines, and is also substantially expressed in both murine and human dendritic cells in culture."[39]

"The 1C7 gene [...] is located immediately adjacent to the B144 gene. RNA for B144 and 1C7 are transcribed in convergent directions such that there is a slight overlap between the 3' ends of the two mRNAs. [Human] 1C7 also shows multiple splice forms with 9 forms of the human mRNA reported so far.(21) The major forms encode proteins containing a leader sequence, a probable trans-membrane segment, an external sequence including an immunoglobulin-like domain, and at least three alternative forms of the putative intracellular segment of the protein. One alternative splice modifies the structure of the immunoglobulin-like domain, changing it from a sequence more closely resembling those of the V regions of Ig molecules to one that is more similar to IgC2 regions. Of the three alternative putative intracellular domains, one encodes multiple proline repeats suggestive of SH3 binding domains."[39]

"The existence of the G1 gene was initially noted as a part of a screen of MHC cosmids for embedded genes. The G1 and AIF1 transcripts appear to be derived by alternative splicing from partially overlapping genomic templates. A third human interferon gamma-responsive transcript, IRT-1, has been noted that shares some internal sequences with both G1 and AIF1, but on the basis of the predicted open reading frame it shares only limited amino acid sequences with G1."[39]

Gene ID: 199 is AIF1 allograft inflammatory factor 1 on 6p21.33: "This gene encodes a protein that binds actin and calcium. This gene is induced by cytokines and interferon and may promote macrophage activation and growth of vascular smooth muscle cells and T-lymphocytes. Polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with systemic sclerosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, but the full-length and coding nature of some of these variants is not certain."[40]

  1. NP_001305899.1 allograft inflammatory factor 1 isoform 1: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate splice site in the 5' region and initiates translation at a downstream start codon compared to variant 3. The encoded isoform (1) has a shorter N-terminus than isoform 3. Variants 1 and 4 encode the same isoform (1)."[40]
  2. NP_001614.3 allograft inflammatory factor 1 isoform 3: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) encodes the longest isoform (3)."[40]
  3. NP_116573.1 allograft inflammatory factor 1 isoform 1: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1, also known as G1) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region, and initiates translation at a downstream start codon compared to variant 3. The encoded isoform (1) has a shorter N-terminus than isoform 3. Variants 1 and 4 encode the same isoform (1)."[40]

"AIF-1 (allograft inflammatory factor-1) is a Ca2+ binding protein predominantly expressed by activated monocytes, originally identified in rat cardiac allografts with chronic rejection.(22) The human cDNA homologue is 86% identical to the rat (90% identical to the amino acid sequence) and was identified by reverse transcriptase-PCR of endomyocardial biopsy specimens from human heart transplants and in macrophage cell lines.(23)"[39]

Gene ID: 3303 is HSPA1A heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A on 6p21.33: "This intronless gene encodes a 70kDa heat shock protein which is a member of the heat shock protein 70 family. In conjuction with other heat shock proteins, this protein stabilizes existing proteins against aggregation and mediates the folding of newly translated proteins in the cytosol and in organelles. It is also involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway through interaction with the AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1. The gene is located in the major histocompatibility complex class III region, in a cluster with two closely related genes which encode similar proteins."[41]

Gene ID: 3304 is HSPA1B heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B on 6p21.33: "This intronless gene encodes a 70kDa heat shock protein which is a member of the heat shock protein 70 family. In conjuction with other heat shock proteins, this protein stabilizes existing proteins against aggregation and mediates the folding of newly translated proteins in the cytosol and in organelles. It is also involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway through interaction with the AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1. The gene is located in the major histocompatibility complex class III region, in a cluster with two closely related genes which encode similar proteins."[42]

Gene ID: 3305 is HSPA1L heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1 like on 6p21.33: "This gene encodes a 70kDa heat shock protein. In conjunction with other heat shock proteins, this protein stabilizes existing proteins against aggregation and mediates the folding of newly translated proteins in the cytosol and in organelles. The gene is located in the major histocompatibility complex class III region, in a cluster with two closely related genes which also encode isoforms of the 70kDa heat shock protein."[43]

Gene ID: 3309 is HSPA5 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 on 9q33.3: "The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family. It is localized in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and is involved in the folding and assembly of proteins in the ER. As this protein interacts with many ER proteins, it may play a key role in monitoring protein transport through the cell."[44]

  1. NP_005338.1 endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP precursor.[44]

Gene ID: 6892 is TAPBP TAP binding protein on 6p21.32: "This gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein which mediates interaction between newly assembled major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), which is required for the transport of antigenic peptides across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This interaction is essential for optimal peptide loading on the MHC class I molecule. Up to four complexes of MHC class I and this protein may be bound to a single TAP molecule. This protein contains a C-terminal double-lysine motif (KKKAE) known to maintain membrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. This gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6. Alternative splicing results in three transcript variants encoding different isoforms."[45]

  1. NP_003181.3 tapasin isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes isoform 1. [...] Ig; Immunoglobulin domain"[45]
  2. NP_757345.2 tapasin isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 3' coding region and 3' UTR, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a distinct C-terminus and is longer than isoform 1."[45]
  3. NP_757346.2 tapasin isoform 3 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in an isoform (3) that is shorter than isoform 1."[45]

Gene ID: 23640 is HSPBP1 HSPA (Hsp70) binding protein 1 on 19q13.42.[46]

  1. NP_001123578.1 hsp70-binding protein 1 isoform 2: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region and initiates translation at a downstream start codon, compared to variant 3. Variants 1 and 2 encode the same isoform (2), which has a shorter N-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[46]
  2. NP_001284529.1 hsp70-binding protein 1 isoform 1: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) encodes the longer isoform (1)."[46]
  3. NP_036399.3 hsp70-binding protein 1 isoform 2: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region and initiates translation at a downstream start codon, compared to variant 3. Variants 1 and 2 encode the same isoform (2), which has a shorter N-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[46]

Class V

"Vacuolar ATPase is a multi-subunit protein complex that transports H+ ions. It functions in general to mediate acidification of cellular vacuoles, and consequently in receptor recycling, lysosome formation, and cellular pH control. [Sequences] centromeric to the BAT1 gene [...] encode exons of a gene, ATP6G, homologous to the G subunit of the vacuolar H+ ATPase of a number of species.(26) The mRNA for this gene had two alternative splice forms, with the shorter form removing the presumptive translation initiation codon of the longer form and therefore removing an amino terminal region of high homology to other G subunits. The longer splice form was selectively expressed in some B and T cell lines as compared with myelomonocytic lines. Vacuolar ATPase subunit G is up-regulated in neutrophils exposed to non-pathogenic bacteria (Yeramilli and Weissman, unpublished). The ATPase is also up-regulated in neutrophils by GM-CSF or phorbol myristic acid. Up-regulation of the ATPase is one of the mechanisms that may delay apoptosis in activated neutrophils. However a specific role for the ATP6G in inflammation remains to be established by more specific means."[39]

Gene ID: 534 is ATP6V1G2 ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit G2 on 6p21.33: "This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of intracellular compartments of eukaryotic cells. V-ATPase dependent acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain contains the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of five different subunits: a, c, c', c", and d. Additional isoforms of many of the V1 and V0 subunit proteins are encoded by multiple genes or alternatively spliced transcript variants. This encoded protein is one of three V1 domain G subunit proteins. This gene had previous gene symbols of ATP6G and ATP6G2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the downstream DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 39B (DDX39B) gene."[47]

  1. NP_001191007.1 V-type proton ATPase subunit G 2 isoform c.[47]
  2. NP_569730.1 V-type proton ATPase subunit G 2 isoform a.[47]
  3. NP_612139.1 V-type proton ATPase subunit G 2 isoform b.[47]

Gene ID: 7916 is PRRC2A proline rich coiled-coil 2A aka G2; BAT2; D6S51; D6S51E on 6p21.33: "A cluster of genes, BAT1-BAT5, has been localized in the vicinity of the genes for TNF alpha and TNF beta. These genes are all within the human major histocompatibility complex class III region. This gene has microsatellite repeats which are associated with the age-at-onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and possibly thought to be involved with the inflammatory process of pancreatic beta-cell destruction during the development of IDDM. This gene is also a candidate gene for the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene."[48]

  1. NP_004629.3 protein PRRC2A: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) represents the longer transcript. Variants 1 and 2 both encode the same protein."[48]
  2. NP_542417.2 protein PRRC2A: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 2. Variants 1 and 2 both encode the same protein."[48]

Gene ID: 7917 is BAG6 BAG cochaperone 6 aka G3; BAT3 on 6p21.33: "This gene was first characterized as part of a cluster of genes located within the human major histocompatibility complex class III region. This gene encodes a nuclear protein that is cleaved by caspase 3 and is implicated in the control of apoptosis. In addition, the protein forms a complex with E1A binding protein p300 and is required for the acetylation of p53 in response to DNA damage. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene."[49]

  1. NP_001092004.1 large proline-rich protein BAG6 isoform b: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR and utilizes an alternative in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. Variants 2, 3, and 4 encode the same isoform (b), which is 6 aa shorter than isoform a."[49]
  2. NP_001186626.1 large proline-rich protein BAG6 isoform c: "Transcript Variant: This variant (5) differs in the 5' UTR and lacks three alternate in-frame segments compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (c) has the same N- and C-termini but is shorter compared to isoform a."[49]
  3. NP_001186627.1 large proline-rich protein BAG6 isoform d: "Transcript Variant: This variant (6) differs in the 5' UTR and lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (d) has the same N- and C-termini but is shorter compared to isoform a."[49]
  4. NP_542433.1 large proline-rich protein BAG6 isoform b: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and utilizes an alternative in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. Variants 2, 3, and 4 encode the same isoform (b), which is 6 aa shorter than isoform a."[49]
  5. NP_542434.1 large proline-rich protein BAG6 isoform b: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) utilizes an alternative in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. Variants 2, 3, and 4 encode the same isoform (b), which is 6 aa shorter than isoform a."[49]

Gene ID: 7918 is GPANK1 G-patch domain and ankyrin repeats 1 aka G5; BAT4, on 6p21.33: "This gene is located in a cluster of HLA-B-associated transcripts, which is included in the human major histocompatability complex III region. This gene encodes a protein which is thought to play a role in immunity. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified."[50]

  1. NP_001186166.1 G patch domain and ankyrin repeat-containing protein 1: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript."[50]
  2. NP_001186167.1 G patch domain and ankyrin repeat-containing protein 1: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 encode the same protein."[50]
  3. NP_001186168.1 G patch domain and ankyrin repeat-containing protein 1: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 encode the same protein."[50]
  4. NP_001186169.1 G patch domain and ankyrin repeat-containing protein 1: "Transcript Variant: This variant (5) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 encode the same protein."[50]
  5. NP_149417.1 G patch domain and ankyrin repeat-containing protein 1: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 encode the same protein."[50]

Gene ID: 7919 is DDX39B DExD-box helicase 39B aka BAT1 on 6p21.33: "This gene encodes a member of the DEAD box family of RNA-dependent ATPases that mediate ATP hydrolysis during pre-mRNA splicing. The encoded protein is an essential splicing factor required for association of U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein with pre-mRNA, and it also plays an important role in mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This gene belongs to a cluster of genes localized in the vicinity of the genes encoding tumor necrosis factor alpha and tumor necrosis factor beta. These genes are all within the human major histocompatibility complex class III region. Mutations in this gene may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on both chromosomes 6 and 11. Read-through transcription also occurs between this gene and the upstream ATP6V1G2 (ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 13kDa, V1 subunit G2) gene."[51]

  1. NP_004631.1 spliceosome RNA helicase DDX39B: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein."[51]
  2. NP_542165.1 spliceosome RNA helicase DDX39B: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternative splice site in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein."[51]

Gene ID: 7920 is ABHD16A abhydrolase domain containing 16A, phospholipase, aka BAT5 on 6p21.33: "A cluster of genes, BAT1-BAT5, has been localized in the vicinity of the genes for tumor necrosis factor alpha and tumor necrosis factor beta. These genes are all within the human major histocompatibility complex class III region. The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be involved in some aspects of immunity. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described."[52]

  1. NP_001170986.1 phosphatidylserine lipase ABHD16A isoform b: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and has multiple coding region differences, compared to variant 1. These differences cause translation initiation at an alternate AUG and result in an isoform (b) with a shorter, distinct N-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[52]
  2. NP_066983.1 phosphatidylserine lipase ABHD16A isoform a: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (a)."[52]

Class VI

"A cluster of genes for three related cytokines/cytokine receptors, tumor necrosis factor (TNF, formerly known as TNF-alpha or cachectin), lymphotoxin alpha (LTA), and lymphotoxin beta (LTB), lies in the Class IV region shortly before the most centromeric Class I related genes. TNF has been very extensively studied(5) and plays an important role in inflammation, bacterial(6) and viral infection,(7) tumor cachexia and the immune response. It is produced by a variety of cells including prominently monocytes, macrophages, and some T cell subsets."[39]

"LTB (also called TNF C) is a membrane bound molecule that forms a heterotrimer with LTA.(12) This LTA-LTB complex can then induce activation of NF kappa B in certain cell lines by binding with the LTB receptor, a member of the TNF receptor family.(13) (14) NF kappa B is a pleiotropic transcription factor capable of activating the expression of a great variety of genes critical for the Immunoin flammatory response.(14)"[39]

The region within the MHC class III gene cluster that contains genes for TNFs is also known as MHC class VI or the inflammatory region.[53]

Gene ID: 4049 is LTA lymphotoxin alpha on 6p21.33: "The encoded protein, a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, is a cytokine produced by lymphocytes. The protein is highly inducible, secreted, and forms heterotrimers with lymphotoxin-beta which anchor lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface. This protein also mediates a large variety of inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and antiviral responses, is involved in the formation of secondary lymphoid organs during development and plays a role in apoptosis. Genetic variations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to leprosy type 4, myocardial infarction, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and psoriatic arthritis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene."[54]

  1. NP_000586.2 lymphotoxin-alpha precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein."[54]
  2. NP_001153212.1 lymphotoxin-alpha precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein."[54]

Gene ID: 4050 is LTB lymphotoxin beta on 6p21.33: "Lymphotoxin beta is a type II membrane protein of the TNF family. It anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface through heterotrimer formation. The predominant form on the lymphocyte surface is the lymphotoxin-alpha 1/beta 2 complex (e.g. 1 molecule alpha/2 molecules beta) and this complex is the primary ligand for the lymphotoxin-beta receptor. The minor complex is lymphotoxin-alpha 2/beta 1. LTB is an inducer of the inflammatory response system and involved in normal development of lymphoid tissue. Lymphotoxin-beta isoform b is unable to complex with lymphotoxin-alpha suggesting a function for lymphotoxin-beta which is independent of lympyhotoxin-alpha. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms."[55]

  1. NP_002332.1 lymphotoxin-beta isoform a: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript, encodes the longer isoform (a), and can form the heterotrimeric complex with lymphotoxin-alpha."[55]
  2. NP_033666.1 lymphotoxin-beta isoform b: "Transcript Variant: This splice variant (2) lacks an exon in the coding region, compared to variant 1. The encoded protein (isoform b) has a premature stop codon and lacks the majority of the extracellular domain, compared to isoform a. This loss impairs its ability to complex with lympytoxin-alpha."[55]

Gene ID: 7124 is TNF tumor necrosis factor on 6p21.33: "This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine."[56]

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters

Gene ID: 23 is ABCF1 ATP binding cassette subfamily F member 1, on 6p21.33: "The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the GCN20 subfamily. Unlike other members of the superfamily, this protein lacks the transmembrane domains which are characteristic of most ABC transporters. This protein may be regulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and play a role in enhancement of protein synthesis and the inflammation process."[57]

  1. NP_001020262.1 ATP-binding cassette sub-family F member 1 isoform a: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (a)."[57]
  2. NP_001081.1 ATP-binding cassette sub-family F member 1 isoform b: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform b) is shorter than isoform a."[57]

Gene ID: 6890 is TAP1 transporter 1, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member aka transporter, ATP-binding cassette, major histocompatibility complex, 1 on 6p21.32: "The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the pumping of degraded cytosolic peptides across the endoplasmic reticulum into the membrane-bound compartment where class I molecules assemble. Mutations in this gene may be associated with ankylosing spondylitis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene."[58]

  1. NP_000584.3 antigen peptide transporter 1 isoform 1: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1)."[58]
  2. NP_001278951.1 antigen peptide transporter 1 isoform 2: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform 1."[58]

Gene ID: 6891 is TAP2 transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member on 6p21.32: "The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance. This gene is located 7 kb telomeric to gene family member ABCB2. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in antigen presentation. This protein forms a heterodimer with ABCB2 in order to transport peptides from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in this gene may be associated with ankylosing spondylitis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease. Alternative splicing of this gene produces products which differ in peptide selectivity and level of restoration of surface expression of MHC class I molecules."[59]

  1. NP_000535.3 antigen peptide transporter 2 isoform 1: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1, B allele) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1). An allele (variant 1, A allele) exists in which a single nt change creates an internal stop codon, leading to a protein that is 17 aa shorter at the C-terminus."[59]
  2. NP_001276972.1 antigen peptide transporter 2 isoform 3: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1, A allele) differs at 3 nt positions compared to variant 1, B allele. The resulting isoform (3) is shorter at the C-terminus compared to isoform 1."[59]
  3. NP_061313.2 antigen peptide transporter 2 isoform 2: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and coding region compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 1."[59]

Immunoglobulin domain genes

Immunoglobulin receptor superfamily

ZAS family

Gene ID: 3096 is HIVEP1 HIVEP zinc finger 1 aka major histocompatibility complex binding protein 1 on 6p24.1: "This gene encodes a transcription factor belonging to the ZAS family, members of which are large proteins that contain a ZAS domain - a modular protein structure consisting of a pair of C2H2 zinc fingers with an acidic-rich region and a serine/threonine-rich sequence. These proteins bind specifically to the DNA sequence motif, GGGACTTTCC, found in the enhancer elements of several viral promoters, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and to related sequences found in the enhancer elements of a number of cellular promoters. This protein binds to this sequence motif, suggesting a role in the transcriptional regulation of both viral and cellular genes."[60]

  1. NP_002105.3 zinc finger protein 40.[60]

Hypotheses

  1. Downstream core promoters may work as transcription factors even as their complements or inverses.
  2. In addition to the DNA binding sequences listed above, the transcription factors that can open up and attach through the local epigenome need to be known and specified.

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Noriaki Ishioka, Nobuhiro Takahashi, and Frank W. Putnam (April 1986). "Amino acid sequence of human plasma 𝛂1B-glycoprotein: Homology to the immunoglobulin supergene family" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 83 (8): 2363–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.8.2363. PMID 3458201. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  2. 2.0 2.1 RefSeq (July 2008). "A1BG alpha-1-B glycoprotein [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  3. NCBI (2 February 2016). "Conserved Protein Domain Family cl11960: Ig Superfamily". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  4. NCBI (5 August 2015). "Conserved Protein Domain Family pfam13895: Ig_2". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  5. NCBI (16 August 2016). "Conserved Protein Domain Family cd05751: Ig1_LILR_KIR_like". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  6. NCBI (16 January 2013). "Conserved Protein Domain Family smart00410: IG_like". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 RefSeq (January 2015). "VPREB1 V-set pre-B cell surrogate light chain 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  8. 8.0 8.1 RefSeq (April 2015). "VPREB3 V-set pre-B cell surrogate light chain 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 RefSeq (July 2008). "BSG basigin (Ok blood group) [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 RefSeq (July 2008). "FCAR Fc fragment of IgA receptor [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 RefSeq (June 2016). "IGSF3 immunoglobulin superfamily member 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 RefSeq (July 2008). "IGBP1 immunoglobulin binding protein 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  13. 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "IGSF1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  14. 14.0 14.1 14.2 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "ISLR immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine rich repeat [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "CD101 CD101 molecule [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  16. 16.0 16.1 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "IGDCC3 immunoglobulin superfamily DCC subclass member 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  17. 17.0 17.1 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "IGSF6 immunoglobulin superfamily member 6 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  18. 18.0 18.1 RefSeq (March 2008). "CD300C CD300c molecule [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  19. 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 RefSeq (February 2012). "CD300A CD300a molecule [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  20. 20.0 20.1 RefSeq (29 March 2020). "IGSF9B immunoglobulin superfamily member 9B [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  21. 21.0 21.1 21.2 RefSeq (29 March 2020). "IGSF9 immunoglobulin superfamily member 9 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  22. 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "ISLR2 immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine rich repeat 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  23. 23.0 23.1 RefSeq (20 March 2020). "IGDCC4 immunoglobulin superfamily DCC subclass member 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  24. HGNC (24 March 2019). "IGSF6-DREV1 region containing immunoglobulin superfamily, member 6 and DREV1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  25. 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "FCAMR Fc fragment of IgA and IgM receptor [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  26. 26.0 26.1 RefSeq (September 2011). "IGSF21 immunoglobin superfamily member 21 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  27. 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.6 RefSeq (September 2011). "IGSF8 immunoglobulin superfamily member 8 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  28. 28.0 28.1 RefSeq (July 2008). "WFIKKN1 WAP, follistatin/kazal, immunoglobulin, kunitz and netrin domain containing 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  29. 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "LRIG3 leucine rich repeats and immunoglobulin like domains 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  30. 30.0 30.1 30.2 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "WFIKKN2 WAP, follistatin/kazal, immunoglobulin, kunitz and netrin domain containing 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  31. 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 RefSeq (July 2008). "SIRPA signal regulatory protein alpha [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  32. 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.7 RefSeq (January 2014). "CD300LF CD300 molecule like family member f [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  33. RefSeq (November 2011). "IGSF23 immunoglobulin superfamily member 23 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  34. RefSeq (13 March 2020). "IGSF5 immunoglobulin superfamily member 5 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  35. 35.00 35.01 35.02 35.03 35.04 35.05 35.06 35.07 35.08 35.09 35.10 35.11 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "IGSF11 immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  36. 36.0 36.1 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "IGSF22 immunoglobulin superfamily member 22 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  37. 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "IGSF10 immunoglobulin superfamily member 10 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  38. 38.0 38.1 RefSeq (13 March 2020). "IGIP IgA inducing protein [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  39. 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 39.5 39.6 39.7 Gruen, JR; Weissman, SM (2001). "Human MHC class III and IV genes and disease associations". Frontiers in Bioscience. 6 (3): D960–172. doi:10.2741/A658. PMID 11487469.
  40. 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 RefSeq (January 2016). "AIF1 allograft inflammatory factor 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  41. RefSeq (July 2008). "HSPA1A heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  42. RefSeq (July 2008). "HSPA1B heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  43. RefSeq (July 2008). "HSPA1L heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1 like [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  44. 44.0 44.1 RefSeq (September 2010). "HSPA5 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  45. 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 RefSeq (July 2008). "TAPBP TAP binding protein [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  46. 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 HGNC (3 May 2020). "HSPBP1 HSPA (Hsp70) binding protein 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  47. 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 RefSeq (February 2018). "ATP6V1G2 ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit G2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  48. 48.0 48.1 48.2 RefSeq (December 2010). "PRRC2A proline rich coiled-coil 2A aka G2; BAT2; D6S51; D6S51E [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  49. 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 RefSeq (July 2008). "BAG6 BAG cochaperone 6 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  50. 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 RefSeq (November 2010). "GPANK1 G-patch domain and ankyrin repeats 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  51. 51.0 51.1 51.2 RefSeq (February 2011). "DDX39B DExD-box helicase 39B [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  52. 52.0 52.1 52.2 RefSeq (April 2010). "ABHD16A abhydrolase domain containing 16A, phospholipase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  53. Deakin, Janine E; Papenfuss, Anthony T; Belov, Katherine; Cross, Joseph GR; Coggill, Penny; Palmer, Sophie; Sims, Sarah; Speed, Terence P; Beck, Stephan; Graves, Jennifer (2006). "Evolution and comparative analysis of the MHC Class III inflammatory region". BMC Genomics. 7 (1): 281. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-7-281. PMC 1654159. PMID 17081307.
  54. 54.0 54.1 54.2 RefSeq (July 2012). "LTA lymphotoxin alpha [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  55. 55.0 55.1 55.2 RefSeq (July 2008). "LTB lymphotoxin beta [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  56. RefSeq (July 2008). "TNF tumor necrosis factor [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  57. 57.0 57.1 57.2 RefSeq (July 2008). "ABCF1 ATP binding cassette subfamily F member 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  58. 58.0 58.1 58.2 RefSeq (May 2014). "TAP1 transporter 1, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  59. 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 RefSeq (February 2014). "TAP2 transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  60. 60.0 60.1 RefSeq (October 2011). "HIVEP1 HIVEP zinc finger 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 3 April 2020.

External links

{{Phosphate biochemistry}}Template:Sisterlinks