Hypoparathyroidism causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[2]

Overview

Hypothyroidism most commonly occurs as a complication of neck surgery including thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, and radical neck dissection. Second most common cause for hypoparathyroidism is autoimmune including polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type 1 and isolated autoimmune hypoparathyroidism. Less common causes of hypoparathyroidism includes infiltration and/or destruction of parathyroid glands and genetic causes. Most common genetic cause of hypoparathyroidism is calcium-sensing receptor gene activating mutation.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Life threatening cause for hypoparathyroidism incude:

Common Causes

Less Common Causes

Genetic Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type 1, Isolated autoimmune hypoparathyroidism
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Wilson's disease, autosomal dominant familial isolated hypoparathyroidism caused by PTH gene mutation, autosomal dominant familial isolated hypoparathyroidism caused by glial cells missing 2 (GCM2) gene mutation, autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1, autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 2, Autosomal recessive familial isolated hypoparathyroidism caused by PTH gene mutation, Autosomal recessive familial isolated hypoparathyroidism caused by glial cells missing 2 (GCM2) gene mutation, X-linked recessive familial isolated hypoparathyroidism hypoparathyroidism,22q11.2 deletion syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, 22q11.2DS, CATCH 22 syndrome, Cayler cardiofacial syndrome, conotruncal anomaly face syndrome (CTAF), deletion 22q11.2 syndrome, Sedlackova syndrome, Shprintzen syndrome, VCFS, velocardiofacial syndrome, velo-cardio-facial syndrome, CHARGE syndrome, Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 1, Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 2, Sanjad-Sakati syndrome, Barakat syndrome, [[chromosome 10, monosomy 10p], and chromosome 10p deletion syndrome, Kearns–Sayre syndrome, maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD), mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (MTP deficiency), long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHAD deficiency),
Hematologic Hemochromatosis, Thalassemia
Iatrogenic Parathyroidectomy, radiation-induced parathyroid destruction, radical neck dissection, thyroidectomy
Infectious Disease HIV infection, syphilis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Maternal hyperparathyroidism leading to neonatal hypoparathyroidism
Oncologic Metastatic prostate cancer, metastatic breast cancer
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte Aluminium deposition due to end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis, Hypermagnesemia, Hypomagnesemia
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Granulomas infiltrating parathyroid glands, amyloid deposition in all four parathyroid gland

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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References

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