Hypocalcemia natural history, complications and prognosis

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Hypocalcemia Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hypocalcemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

The clinical features of hypocalcemia may vary widely, and range from asymptomatic to life-threatening complications.The main factors that influence serum calcium levels are parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, ionized calcium, and phosphate. Hypocalcemia is commonly encountered in patients who are hospitalized. Under treatment or improper treatment of hypocalcemic emergencies can lead to significant morbidity. Death is rare but has been reported in hypocalcemia patients.

Natural History

Complications

Prognosis

References

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  3. Lee S, Mannstadt M, Guo J, Kim SM, Yi HS, Khatri A, Dean T, Okazaki M, Gardella TJ, Jüppner H (October 2015). "A Homozygous [Cys25]PTH(1-84) Mutation That Impairs PTH/PTHrP Receptor Activation Defines a Novel Form of Hypoparathyroidism". J. Bone Miner. Res. 30 (10): 1803–13. doi:10.1002/jbmr.2532. PMC 4580526. PMID 25891861.
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  9. Thurlow JS, Yuan CM (April 2016). "Dialysate-induced hypocalcemia presenting as acute intradialytic hypotension: A case report, safety review, and recommendations". Hemodial Int. 20 (2): E8–E11. doi:10.1111/hdi.12386. PMID 26923551.
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  11. Wong CK, Lau CP, Cheng CH, Leung WH, Freedman B (August 1990). "Hypocalcemic myocardial dysfunction: short- and long-term improvement with calcium replacement". Am. Heart J. 120 (2): 381–6. PMID 2382615.
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  13. Denlinger JK, Nahrwold ML (1976). "Cardiac failure associated with hypocalcemia". Anesth. Analg. 55 (1): 34–6. PMID 942827.
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  16. Manuel VR, Martin SA, Juan SR, Fernando MA, Frerk M, Thomas K, Christian H (2015). "Hypocalcemia as a prognostic factor in mortality and morbidity in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury". Asian J Neurosurg. 10 (3): 190–4. doi:10.4103/1793-5482.161171. PMC 4553730. PMID 26396605.
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