Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy primary prevention
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Microchapters |
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Differentiating Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy from other Diseases |
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy primary prevention On the Web |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy primary prevention |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]
Overview
There is no primary prevention for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This is a genetic familial disorder. But there are important approaches to decrease and prevent development of sudden death and heart attack in known cases of HCM (tertiary Prevention). Any activity, drug or circumstance that increases left ventricular outflow obstruction, reduced left ventricular filling, or increases left ventricular afterload should be avoided.
Activities That Increase Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction
Activities That Reduce Preload
The following activities increase left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and should be avoided:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Nausea and vomiting
- Dehydration
- Hypovolemia (i.e., use diuretics with caution)
- Medications that reduce preload and left ventricular filling such as nitrates
- Alcohol ingestion may change outflow obstruction due to vaso and veno dilation. In one randomized trial, patients who ingested alcohol in amounts that mimic that ingested during social circumstances sustained rise in their gradient from 38 to 62 mm Hg, a drop in their systolic blood pressure from 132 to 122 mm Hg and an increase in systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve.
- Heavy meals may change the outflow obstruction for a wide variety of reasons including splanchnic pulling of blood
Activities That Increase Afterload
The following activities increase left ventricular afterload should be avoided:
- Competitive endurance training
- Burst activities (e.g., sprinting)
- Intense isometric exercise (e.g., heavy weight lifting)
ICD
Indications for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (primary prevention)
- Family history of SCD
- Non sustained VT on Holter monitoring
- Syncope: recurrent or exercise-associated
- Hypotension during exercise
- Sever septal thickness (more than 3 cm)
2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (DO NOT EDIT)
Participation in Competitive or Recreational Sports and Physical Activity (DO NOT EDIT)[6]
| Class IIa |
| "1. It is reasonable for patients with HCM to participate in low-intensity competitive sports (eg, golf and bowling). (Level of Evidence: C) " |
| "2. It is reasonable for patients with HCM to participate in a range of recreational sporting activities. (Level of Evidence: C) " |
| Class III (Harm) |
| "1. Patients with HCM should not participate in intense competitive sports regardless of age, sex, race, presence or absence of LVOT obstruction, prior septal reduction therapy, or implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator for high-risk status[7][8]. (Level of Evidence: C) " |
References
- ↑ Maron BJ. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Lancet 1997;350:127–33.
- ↑ Maron BJ. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A systematic review. JAMA 2002;287:1308–20.
- ↑ Maki S, Ikeda H, Muro A et al. Predictors of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:774–8.
- ↑ Maron BJ, Casey SA, Poliac LC, Gohman TE, Almquist AK, Aeppli DM. Clinical course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a regional United States cohort. JAMA 1999;281:650–5.
- ↑ Maron BJ, Olivotto I, Bellone P et al. Clinical profile of stroke in 900 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:301–7.
- ↑ Gersh BJ, Maron BJ, Bonow RO, Dearani JA, Fifer MA, Link MS, Naidu SS, Nishimura RA, Ommen SR, Rakowski H, Seidman CE, Towbin JA, Udelson JE, Yancy CW (2011). "2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration With the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 58 (25): e212–60. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.011. PMID 22075469. Retrieved 2011-12-19. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Maron BJ, Ackerman MJ, Nishimura RA, Pyeritz RE, Towbin JA, Udelson JE (2005). "Task Force 4: HCM and other cardiomyopathies, mitral valve prolapse, myocarditis, and Marfan syndrome". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 45 (8): 1340–5. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.011. PMID 15837284. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Pelliccia A, Fagard R, Bjørnstad HH; et al. (2005). "Recommendations for competitive sports participation in athletes with cardiovascular disease: a consensus document from the Study Group of Sports Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology". Eur. Heart J. 26 (14): 1422–45. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi325. PMID 15923204. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)