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==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Hypertensive nephropathy''' is a medical condition referring to damage to the [[kidney]] due to chronic [[high blood pressure]].


It should be distinguished from "[[renovascular hypertension]]" (I15.0), which is a form of [[secondary hypertension]].


In the kidneys, as a result of ''benign [[arterial hypertension]]'', [[hyaline]] (pink, amorphous, homogeneous material) accumulates in the wall of small arteries and arterioles, producing the thickening of their walls and the narrowing of the [[Lumen (anatomy)|lumen]]s — hyaline [[arteriolosclerosis]]. Consequent [[ischemia]] will produce tubular atrophy, [[interstitial fibrosis]], glomerular alterations (smaller [[glomeruli]] with different degrees of hyalinization - from mild to sclerosis of glomeruli) and periglomerular fibrosis. In advanced stages, [[renal failure]] will occur. Functional nephrons have dilated tubules, often with hyaline [[casts]] in the lumens.
*'''Hypertensive nephropathy''' is a chronic medical condition, characterized by  [[kidney]] injury due to long-standing [[high blood pressure]].
*It should be distinguished from "[[renovascular hypertension]]", which is a type of [[secondary hypertension]].<br><br>
==Pathophysiology==
 
 
*In the kidneys, as a result of ''benign [[arterial hypertension]]'', [[hyaline]] (pink, amorphous, homogeneous material) accumulates in the wall of small arteries and arterioles, leading to thickening of arterial walls and narrowing of the [[Lumen (anatomy)|lumen]]s — hyaline [[arteriolosclerosis]]. Consequently, tubular atrophy and [[interstitial fibrosis]] will occur.
*Glomerular alterations (smaller [[glomeruli]] with different degrees of hyalinization - from mild to severe glomerulosclerosis) and podocyte loss can increase the endothelial permeability and filtration of remaining glomerules, leading to microalbuminuria and development of [[CKD]]  
*Some studies suggest a genetic component in the development of hypertensive nephropathy and nephrosclerosis.<br><br>
 
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
 
 
*The incidence rate for hypertensive kidney disease has been increasing gradually over the past three decades.
*Annually, 25,000 new cases of [[CKD]] associated with [[hypertension]], are diagnosed in the US.
*[[Hypertension]] is known as the second leading cause of [[ESRD]].<br><br>
 
==Diagnosis==
==History and Symptoms==
 
 
*Most of the patients with hypertensive nephropathy have no symptoms until kidney failure occurs.
 


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 06:49, 31 May 2020

Hypertensive nephropathy Microchapters

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Overview

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Differentiating Hypertensive Nephropathy from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Pathophysiology

  • In the kidneys, as a result of benign arterial hypertension, hyaline (pink, amorphous, homogeneous material) accumulates in the wall of small arteries and arterioles, leading to thickening of arterial walls and narrowing of the lumens — hyaline arteriolosclerosis. Consequently, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis will occur.
  • Glomerular alterations (smaller glomeruli with different degrees of hyalinization - from mild to severe glomerulosclerosis) and podocyte loss can increase the endothelial permeability and filtration of remaining glomerules, leading to microalbuminuria and development of CKD
  • Some studies suggest a genetic component in the development of hypertensive nephropathy and nephrosclerosis.

Epidemiology and Demographics

  • The incidence rate for hypertensive kidney disease has been increasing gradually over the past three decades.
  • Annually, 25,000 new cases of CKD associated with hypertension, are diagnosed in the US.
  • Hypertension is known as the second leading cause of ESRD.

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

  • Most of the patients with hypertensive nephropathy have no symptoms until kidney failure occurs.


References

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