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'''For patient information, click [[Hyperplasia (patient information)|here]]'''
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{{SI}}                                                                 
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MV}}
   
   
{{Hyperplasia}}
{{SK}} Physiologic hyperplasia; Pathologic hyperplasia; Hypergenesis
{{CMG}}
 
==Overview==
==[[Hyperplasia overview|Overview]]==
'''Hyperplasia''' (or "hypergenesis") is a general term referring to the proliferation of cells within an organ or tissue. Hyperplasia may result in the gross enlargement of an organ, the formation of a benign [[tumor]]. Hyperplasia is considered to be a [[physiology|physiological]] response to a specific stimulus, and the cells of a hyperplastic growth remain subject to normal regulatory control mechanisms. This stands in contrast to [[neoplasia]] (the process underlying [[cancer]] and some [[benign|benign tumors]]), in which genetically abnormal cells proliferate in a non-physiological manner which is unresponsive to normal stimuli.<ref name="robbins">{{cite book |author=Ramzi Cotran, Vinay Kumar, Tucker Collins |title=Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, Sixth Edition |year=1999 |publisher=W.B. Saunders |isbn=072167335X}}</ref>
 
==[[Hyperplasia classification|Classification]]==
 
==[[Hyperplasia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
 
==[[Hyperplasia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Hyperplasia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]==


==[[Hyperplasia epidemiology and demographics|Risk Factors]]==
==Classification==
*Hyperplasia may be classified into 2 groups:<ref name="wiki">Hyperplasia. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperplasia Accessed on April 7, 2016</ref>
'''Physiologic hyperplasia'''
:*Normal stressor (eg. [[pregnancy]])
'''Pathologic hyperplasia'''
:*Abnormal stressor (eg. [[pituitary adenoma]])


==[[Hyperplasia screening|Screening]]==
==Pathophysiology==
*The pathogenesis of hyperplasia is characterized by an increase in the number of cells.<ref name="wiki">Hyperplasia. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperplasia Accessed on April 7, 2016</ref>
*Hyperplasia is the result of growth factor driven proliferation of mature cells.<ref name="robbins">{{cite book |author=Ramzi Cotran, Vinay Kumar, Tucker Collins |title=Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, Sixth Edition |year=1999 |publisher=W.B. Saunders |isbn=072167335X}}</ref>
*The pathogenesis of hyperplasia is limited to cells that have the capability of reproduction, excluding primarily [[myocytes]] and neurons.
*On gross pathology, findings of hyperplasia will depend on the anatomical site.


==[[Hyperplasia causes|Causes]]==
==Causes==
*Hyperplasia may be caused by either increased metabolic [[demand (disambiguation)|demand]], [[Chronic inflammation|chronic inflammatory response]], or [[Compensatory growth (organ)|compensation]] for [[injury|damage]].


==[[Hyperplasia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Hyperplasia from other Diseases]]==
==Differentiating Hyperplasia from other Diseases==
*Hyperplasia must be differentiated from other diseases that cause abnormal tissue growth such as:<ref name="wiki">Hyperplasia. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperplasia Accessed on April 7, 2016</ref>
:*[[Cancer]]
:*[[Hypertrophy]]
:*[[Metaplasia]]
*Some examples of hyperplasia, include:
:*[[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]]
:*[[Endometrial hyperplasia]]
:*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]]  
:*Hyperplasia of the breast
:*[[Epithelial hyperplasia|Focal epithelial hyperplasia]]
:*[[Sebaceous hyperplasia]]
:*Compensatory liver hyperplasia


==[[Hyperplasia natural history|Natural History, Complications & Prognosis]]==
==Risk Factors==
*Common risk factors in the development of hyperplasia are [[genetic mutations]], [[chronic inflammation]], increased metabolic demand, and [[Hormone|hormonal stimulation]].<ref name="wiki">Hyperplasia. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperplasia Accessed on April 7, 2016</ref>


==Diagnosis==
==References==
[[Hyperplasia history and symptoms|History & Symptoms]] | [[Hyperplasia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Hyperplasia staging|Staging]] | [[Hyperplasia laboratory tests|Lab Tests]] | [[Hyperplasia electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Hyperplasia chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Hyperplasia CT|CT]] | [[Hyperplasia MRI|MRI]] | [[Hyperplasia echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Hyperplasia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Hyperplasia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
{{Reflist|2}}  
 
==Treatment==
[[Hyperplasia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Hyperplasia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Hyperplasia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Hyperplasia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]]
 
{{tumors}}


[[Category:Anatomical pathology]]
[[Category:Anatomical pathology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[ar:تنساج]]
[[da:Hyperplasi]]
[[de:Hyperplasie]]
[[es:Hiperplasia]]
[[fr:Hyperplasie]]
[[ja:過形成]]
[[pl:Rozrost]]
[[pt:Hiperplasia]]


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Latest revision as of 02:09, 6 November 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Physiologic hyperplasia; Pathologic hyperplasia; Hypergenesis

Overview

Hyperplasia (or "hypergenesis") is a general term referring to the proliferation of cells within an organ or tissue. Hyperplasia may result in the gross enlargement of an organ, the formation of a benign tumor. Hyperplasia is considered to be a physiological response to a specific stimulus, and the cells of a hyperplastic growth remain subject to normal regulatory control mechanisms. This stands in contrast to neoplasia (the process underlying cancer and some benign tumors), in which genetically abnormal cells proliferate in a non-physiological manner which is unresponsive to normal stimuli.[1]

Classification

  • Hyperplasia may be classified into 2 groups:[2]

Physiologic hyperplasia

Pathologic hyperplasia

Pathophysiology

  • The pathogenesis of hyperplasia is characterized by an increase in the number of cells.[2]
  • Hyperplasia is the result of growth factor driven proliferation of mature cells.[1]
  • The pathogenesis of hyperplasia is limited to cells that have the capability of reproduction, excluding primarily myocytes and neurons.
  • On gross pathology, findings of hyperplasia will depend on the anatomical site.

Causes

Differentiating Hyperplasia from other Diseases

  • Hyperplasia must be differentiated from other diseases that cause abnormal tissue growth such as:[2]
  • Some examples of hyperplasia, include:

Risk Factors

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Ramzi Cotran, Vinay Kumar, Tucker Collins (1999). Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, Sixth Edition. W.B. Saunders. ISBN 072167335X.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Hyperplasia. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperplasia Accessed on April 7, 2016


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