Human respiratory syncytial virus: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 10: Line 10:
   OMIM          = |
   OMIM          = |
   MedlinePlus    = 001564 |
   MedlinePlus    = 001564 |
  eMedicineSubj  = |
  eMedicineTopic = |
   MeshID        = D018357 |
   MeshID        = D018357 |
}}
}}
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
{{SI}}
{{Human respiratory syncytial virus}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}
==[[Human respiratory syncytial virus overview|Overview]]==
==[[Human respiratory syncytial virus historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Human respiratory syncytial virus classification|Classification]]==
==[[Human respiratory syncytial virus pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Human respiratory syncytial virus causes|Causes]]==
==[[Human respiratory syncytial virus differential diagnosis|Differentiating Human respiratory syncytial virus from other Diseases]]==
==[[Human respiratory syncytial virus epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
==[[Human respiratory syncytial virus risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Human respiratory syncytial virus screening|Screening]]==
==[[Human respiratory syncytial virus natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
==Diagnosis==
[[Human respiratory syncytial virus diagnostic criteria|Diagnostic Criteria]] | [[Human respiratory syncytial virus history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Human respiratory syncytial virus physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Human respiratory syncytial virus laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Human respiratory syncytial virus elecrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Human respiratory syncytial virus chest x ray|Chest X ray]] | [[Human respiratory syncytial virus CT|CT]] | [[Human respiratory syncytial virus MRI|MRI]] | [[Human respiratory syncytial virus echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Human respiratory syncytial virus other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Human respiratory syncytial virus other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
==Treatment==
[[Human respiratory syncytial virus medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Human respiratory syncytial virus surgery|Surgery]] | [[Human respiratory syncytial virus primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Human respiratory syncytial virus secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Human respiratory syncytial virus cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Human respiratory syncytial virus future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
==Case Studies==
[[Human respiratory syncytial virus case study one|Case #1]]


==Overview==
==Overview==

Revision as of 20:31, 26 September 2012

Human respiratory syncytial virus
ICD-10 B97.4
ICD-9 079.6
DiseasesDB 11387
MedlinePlus 001564
MeSH D018357

For patient information click here

Human respiratory syncytial virus Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Human respiratory syncytial virus On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Human respiratory syncytial virus

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Human respiratory syncytial virus

CDC on Human respiratory syncytial virus

Human respiratory syncytial virus in the news

Blogs on Human respiratory syncytial virus

Directions to Hospitals Treating Human respiratory syncytial virus

Risk calculators and risk factors for Human respiratory syncytial virus

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Human respiratory syncytial virus from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Overview

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, which includes common respiratory viruses such as those causing measles and mumps. RSV is a member of the paramyxovirus subfamily Pneumovirinae.

RSV causes respiratory tract infections in patients of all ages. It is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection during infancy and childhood. In temperate climates there is an annual epidemic during the winter months. In tropical climates, infection is most common during the rainy season. In the United States, 60% of infants are infected during their first RSV season, and nearly all children will have been infected with the virus by 2-3 years of age. Natural infection with RSV does not induce protective immunity, and thus people can be infected multiple times. Sometimes an infant can become symptomatically infected more than once even within a single RSV season. More recently, severe RSV infections have increasingly been found among elderly patients as well.

For most people, RSV produces only mild symptoms, often indistinguishable from common colds and minor illnesses. The Centers for Disease Control consider RSV to be the "most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants and children under 1 year of age."[1] For some children, RSV can cause bronchiolitis, leading to severe respiratory illness requiring hospitalization and, rarely, causing death. This is more likely to occur in patients that are immunocompromised or infants born prematurely. Other RSV symptoms common among infants include listlessness, poor or diminished appetite, and a possible fever.[2].

Recurrent wheezing and asthma are more common among individuals who suffered severe RSV infection during the first few months of life than among controls; whether RSV infection sets up a process that leads to recurrent wheezing or whether those already predisposed to asthma are more likely to become severely ill with RSV is a matter of considerable debate.

Prevention

As the virus is ubiquitous in all parts of the world, avoidance of infection is not possible. Epidemiologically, a vaccine would be the best answer. Unfortunately, vaccine development has been fraught with spectacular failure and with difficult obstacles. Researchers are working on a live, attenuated vaccine, but at present no vaccine exists. However, Palivizumab (brand name Synagis), a moderately effective prophylactic drug is available for infants at high risk. Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against RSV proteins. It is given by monthly injections, which are begun just prior to the RSV season and are usually continued for five months. RSV prophylaxis is indicated for infants that are premature or have either cardiac or lung disease.

Treatment

Ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent, was once employed as adjunctive therapy for the sickest patients; however, its efficacy has been called into question by multiple studies, and most institutions no longer use it.

Treatment is otherwise supportive care only with fluids and oxygen until the illness runs its course. Amino acid sequences 200-225 and 255-278 of the F protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) are T cell epitopes (Bourgeois et al., 1991; Corvaisier et al, 1993). Peptides corresponding to these two regions were synthesized and coupled with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). The two conjugated proteins were administered intranasally to BALB/c mice alone or together with cholera toxin B (CTB). ELISAs revealed that the mixture of the conjugates with CTB increased not only the systemic response but also the mucosal immune response of the saliva. The systemic response was lower and the mucosal immune response was undetectable in mice immunized with the conjugates on their own. These results suggest that these two peptide sequences are effective epitopes for inducing systemic and mucosal immune responses in conjunction with CTB, and may provide the basis for a nasal peptide vaccine against RSV for human use. [3]

References

  1. "Respiratory Syncytial Virus". CDC, Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch. Reviewed on January 21, 2005. Retrieved 2007-03-01. Check date values in: |date= (help)

External links

de:Respiratory-Syncytial-Virus nl:Respiratoir syncytieel virus fi:RS-virus Template:WikiDoc Sources Template:WH