Hospital-acquired pneumonia: Difference between revisions

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Case #1
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Latest revision as of 18:02, 18 September 2017

For the main page on pneumonia, click here.

For community-acquired pneumonia, click here.

For patient information, click here.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.D. [2]; Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [3]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+__NOTOC__
+'''For the main page on pneumonia, click [[pneumonia|here]].'''
+'''For community-acquired pneumonia, click [[community-acquired pneumonia|here]].'''
+'''For patient information, click [[Hospital-acquired pneumonia (patient information)|here]].'''
 {{Hospital-acquired pneumonia}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.D.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]; {{AL}}
 ==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia overview|Overview]]==
 ==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
 ==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 ==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia causes|Causes]]==
-==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Hospital-acquired pneumonia from other Diseases]]==
+==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia from other Diseases]]==
 ==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
 ==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
 ==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia natural history, complications, and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
-==Diagnosis==
-==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia diagnostic criteria|Diagnostic criteria]]==
-==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]]==
-==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia physical examination|Physical Examination]]==
-==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]]==
-==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia chest x ray|Chest X Ray]]==
-==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia CT|CT]]==
-==Treatment==
-==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]]==
-==[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia prevention|Prevention]]==
-==Clinical Features==
-[[Image:Pneumonia_x-ray.jpg|thumb|left|175px|'''Pneumonia as seen on chest x-ray.'''
-''A'': Normal chest x-ray. ''B'': Abnormal chest x-ray with shadowing from pneumonia in the right lung (left side of image).]]
-New or progressive infiltrate on the chest X-Ray with one of the following:<ref name="Harrison"/>
-* [[Fever]] > 37.8 °C (100 °F)
-* Purulent sputum
-* [[Leucocytosis]] > 10.000 cells/μl
 ==Diagnosis==
-In hospitalised patient who develop respiratory symptoms and fever one should consider the diagnosis.  The likelyhood increases when upon investigation symptoms are found of [[respiratory insufficiency]], purulent secretions, newly developed infiltrate on the [[chest X-Ray]], and increasing [[leucocytosis|leucocyte count]].  If pneumonia is suspected material from sputum or tracheal aspirates are sent to the [[microbiology department]] for cultures.  In case of [[pleural effusion]] [[thoracentesis]] is performed for examination of [[pleural fluid]].  In suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia it has been suggested that [[bronchoscopy]]([[BAL]]) is necessary because of the known risks surrounding clinical diagnoses.<ref name="Mandell"/><ref name="Harrison"/>
+[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia diagnostic criteria|Diagnostic Criteria]] | [[Hospital-acquired pneumonia diagnostic algorithm|Diagnostic Algorithm]] | [[Hospital-acquired pneumonia history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Hospital-acquired pneumonia physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Hospital-acquired pneumonia laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Hospital-acquired pneumonia chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Hospital-acquired pneumonia CT|CT]] | [[Hospital-acquired pneumonia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]]
-===Diagnostic criteria of hospital acquired pneumonia===
-[[Community acquired pneumonia]] should be distinguished from healthcare-associated pneumonia as these diseases have different causative organism, prognosis, diagnostic and treatment guidelines.
-According to the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society healthcare-associated pneumonia includes any patient who meet the below criteria <ref name="pmid21663884">{{cite journal |author=Attridge RT, Frei CR |title=Health care-associated pneumonia: an evidence-based review |journal=[[The American Journal of Medicine]] |volume=124 |issue=8 |pages=689–97 |year=2011 |month=August |pmid=21663884 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.01.023 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9343(11)00291-9 |accessdate=2012-09-02}}</ref>
-* Hospitalized in an acute care hospital for 2 or more days within 90 days of the infection;
-* Resided in a nursing home or long-term care facility;
-* Received recent intravenous antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy, or wound care within the past 30 days of the current infection;
-* Attended a hospital or hemodialysis clinic
-==Differential diagnosis==
-* [[Atelectasis]]
-* [[Congestive heart failure]]
-* [[Pulmonary embolism]]
 ==Treatment==
-Usually initial therapy is empirical.<ref name="Harrison"/> If sufficient reason to suspect [[influenza]] one might consider [[amantadine]] or [[rimantadine]]. In case of [[legionellosis]] [[erythromicin]] or [[fluoroquinolone]].<ref name="Mandell"/>
+[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Hospital-acquired pneumonia prevention|Prevention]] | [[Hospital-acquired pneumonia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Hospital-acquired pneumonia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
-A third generation [[cephalosporin]] (ceftazidime) + [[carbapenems]] (imipenem) + beta lactam & beta lactamase inhibitors (piperacillin/tazobactum)
+==Case Studies==
-==References==
+[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia case study one|Case #1]]
-{{reflist|2}}
-[[Category:Diseaase]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
 [[Category:Pulmonology]]
-[[Category:Infectious disease]]
-[[Category:Pneumonia|Pneumonia]]
+[[Category:Pneumonia]]
 [[Category:Emergency medicine]]
 {{WH}}
 {{WS}}

Hospital-acquired pneumonia: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 18:02, 18 September 2017

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