Heart murmur causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
 
(16 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Heart murmur}}
{{Heart murmur}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}} ; {{AE}}{{nuha}}


==Causes==
==Overview==
=== Diastolic Heart Murmurs ===
Causes of heart murmur can be grouped into [[functional murmur|functional]], also known as [[innocent murmur]], [[physiologic]] and pathological murmurs. [[Still murmur]] is one of the causes of [[functional murmur]]. Causes of physiologic murmur include [[arteriovenous fistula]] and [[pregnancy]]. Pathological murmur can result from a broad variety of conditions such as [[valvular stenosis]], valvular insufficiency, [[mitral valve prolapse]], [[right-to-left shunt]] and [[left-to-right shunt]].
* [[Aortic insufficiency]]
* [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage]] with [[left-to-right shunt]]
* [[Atrial myxoma]]
* [[Atrial septal defect|Atrial septal defect (ASD)]] with [[left-to-right shunt]]
* [[Austin Flint murmur]]
* [[Bronchial artery|Bronchial collateral circulation]]
* [[Carey-Coombs murmur]]
* [[Venous hum|Cervical venous hum]]
* [[Coarctation of the aorta]]
* [[Coronary or pulmonary arteriovenous malformation|Arteriovenous fistula]]
* [[Hepatic venous hum]]
* [[Mammary souffle]]
* [[Mitral Stenosis]]
* [[Patent Ductus Arteriosus| Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)]]
* [[Pericarditis|Pericardial knock]]
* [[Pulmonary artery branch stenosis]]
* [[Pulmonic regurgitation|Pulmonary insufficiency]]
* [[Tricuspid stenosis]]


=== Systolic Heart Murmurs ===
==Common Causes==
* [[Aortic sclerosis]]
* [[Aortic stenosis]]
* [[Atrial septal defect]]
* [[Bicuspid aortic valve]]
* [[Venous hum|Cervical venous hum]]
* [[Coarctation of the aorta]]
* [[Arteriovenous fistula|Coronary or pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]]
* [[Endocarditis]]
* [[Hepatic venous hum]]
* [[Hyperthyroidism]]
* [[Innocent murmur]]
* [[Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction]]
* [[Mammary souffle]]
* [[Mitral insufficiency]]
* [[Mitral valve prolapse]]
* [[Papillary muscle dysfunction]]
* [[Patent ductus arteriosus]] ([[PDA]])
* [[Pericardial friction rub]]s
* [[Pulmonary artery stenosis|Peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis]]
* [[Artificial heart valve|Prosthetic valve]] noises
* [[Pulmonary artery stenosis]]
* [[Pulmonic stenosis|Pulmonic outflow obstruction]]
* [[Still's murmur]]
* [[Tricuspid insufficiency]]
* [[Ventricular septal defect]]


===Continuous Murmurs===
*[[Systolic murmur]]<ref name="pmid21250186">{{cite journal| author=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW| title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations | journal= | year= 1990 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=21250186 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
* [[Aortic stenosis]] / [[aortic insufficiency]]
**[[Ejection murmurs]]
* [[Pericardial friction rub]]
***Functional
* [[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]]
****[[Still's murmur]] and its adult variant
* [[Venous hum]]
****Flow [[murmur]] emanating from the root of the [[pulmonary artery]]
* [[Mammary souffle]]
****[[Murmur]] associated with high [[cardiac output]] states
* [[Aortic coarctation]]
****Flow murmurs associated with [[Aorta|aortic]] or [[pulmonary]] valvular insufficiency
* [[Pneumomediastinum|Mediastinal air dissection]]
***Organic
* [[Patent ductus arteriosus]]
****Valvular [[aortic stenosis]]
* [[Sinus of Valsalva|Ruptured sinus of Valsalva]]
****[[Aortic sclerosis]]
* [[Coronary artery fistula]]
****Discrete [[subvalvular aortic stenosis]] (web or tunnel)
****[[Supravalvular aortic stenosis]]
****[[Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]]
****[[Pulmonary valvular stenosis]]
****[[Pulmonary infundibular stenosis]]
****[[Atrial septal defect]]
****[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]
**Regurgitant murmurs
***Functional: none
***Organic:
****[[Mitral regurgitation]]:
*****[[Rheumatic disease|Rheumatic]]
*****[[Papillary muscle]] dysfunction
*****[[Mitral valve prolapse]]
*****Acute
****[[Tricuspid regurgitation]]:
*****Chronic
*****Acute
****[[Ventricular septal defect]]
*****Roger's type (small and large)
******Without [[pulmonary hypertension]]
******With [[pulmonary hypertension]]
*****Slitlike
***Extracardiac sounds simulating [[systolic heart murmurs]]
****Subclavian (supraclavicular/brachiocephalic) [[Murmur]]
****[[Internal mammary soufflé]]
****[[Carotid artery bruits]]
****[[Coarctation of the aorta]]
****Murmurs emanating from a dilated aortic or pulmonary artery root
****[[Patent ductus arteriosus]] with [[pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Diastolic murmur]]<ref name="pmid21250187">{{cite journal| author=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW| title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations | journal= | year= 1990 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=21250187 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
**[[Aortic regurgitation]]
**[[Pulmonary valve regurgitation]]
**Mitral rumble
***Obstruction to flow
****[[Mitral stenosis]] (rheumatic, congenital)
****[[Left atrial myxoma]]
****[[Cor triatriatum]]
****Localized pericardial constriction
***Increased flow
****[[Mitral regurgitation]]
****[[Ventricular septal defect]]
****[[Patent ductus arteriousus]]
****[[Complete heart block]]
**Tricuspid rumble
***Obstruction to flow
****[[Tricuspid stenosis]] (rheumatic, Ebstein's anomoly, carinoid)
****[[Right atrial myxoma]]
****Localized pericardial constriction
***Increased flow
****[[Atrial septal defect]]
****[[Tricuspid regurgitation]]
*[[Continuous murmur]] <ref name="pmid22574086">{{cite journal| author=Ginghină C, Năstase OA, Ghiorghiu I, Egher L| title=[[Continuous murmur]]—the auscultatory expression of a variety of pathological conditions. | journal=J Med Life | year= 2012 | volume= 5 | issue= 1 | pages= 39-46 | pmid=22574086 | doi= | pmc=3307079 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22574086  }} </ref>
**THORACIC:
***[[Precordial]]
****[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]
****[[Coronary arteriovenous fistulas]]
****Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm ruptured into right cavities
****[[Atrial septal defect]] associated with abnormalities that cause increased pressure in the [[left atrium]]
****[[Left coronary artery]] origin from [[pulmonary artery]] anomaly
****[[Continuous murmur]] at intern mammary artery
***Extra [[Precordial]]
****[[Coarctation of the aorta]]
****[[Pulmonary atresia]]
****[[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]]
****[[Truncus arteriosus]]
****Anomalies of origin of the [[pulmonary artery]]
**EXTRATHORACIC:
***[[Venous hum]]
***Cruveilhier-Baumgarten sindrom
***Severe arterial stenosis
***Extrathoracic [[Arteriovenous fistula|arteriovenos fistulas]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Physical examination]]
[[Category:Physical examination]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 22:39, 21 January 2021

Heart murmur Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Echocardiography

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Case Studies

Case #1

Heart murmur causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Heart murmur causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Heart murmur causes

CDC on Heart murmur causes

Heart murmur causes in the news

Blogs on Heart murmur causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Heart murmur

Risk calculators and risk factors for Heart murmur causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nuha Al-Howthi, MD[2]

Overview

Causes of heart murmur can be grouped into functional, also known as innocent murmur, physiologic and pathological murmurs. Still murmur is one of the causes of functional murmur. Causes of physiologic murmur include arteriovenous fistula and pregnancy. Pathological murmur can result from a broad variety of conditions such as valvular stenosis, valvular insufficiency, mitral valve prolapse, right-to-left shunt and left-to-right shunt.

Common Causes

References

  1. Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (1990). "Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations". PMID 21250186.
  2. Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (1990). "Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations". PMID 21250187.
  3. Ginghină C, Năstase OA, Ghiorghiu I, Egher L (2012). "[[Continuous murmur]]—the auscultatory expression of a variety of pathological conditions". J Med Life. 5 (1): 39–46. PMC 3307079. PMID 22574086. URL–wikilink conflict (help)

Template:WH Template:WS