Heart murmur causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care)
Line 6: Line 6:
Causes of heart murmur can be grouped into [[functional murmur|functional]], also known as innocent murmur, physiologic and pathological murmurs. [[Still murmur]] is one of the causes of functional murmur. Causes of physiologic murmur include [[atriovenous fistula]] and [[pregnancy]]. Pathological murmur can result from a broad variety of conditions such as valvular stenosis, valvular insufficiency, [[mitral valve prolapse]], [[right-to-left shunt]] and [[left-to-right shunt]].
Causes of heart murmur can be grouped into [[functional murmur|functional]], also known as innocent murmur, physiologic and pathological murmurs. [[Still murmur]] is one of the causes of functional murmur. Causes of physiologic murmur include [[atriovenous fistula]] and [[pregnancy]]. Pathological murmur can result from a broad variety of conditions such as valvular stenosis, valvular insufficiency, [[mitral valve prolapse]], [[right-to-left shunt]] and [[left-to-right shunt]].


==Causes==
===Common Causes===
=== Diastolic Heart Murmurs ===
* [[Systolic murmur]]<ref name="pmid21250186">{{cite journal| author=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW| title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations | journal= | year= 1990 | volume=  | issue= | pages= | pmid=21250186 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
* [[Aortic insufficiency]]
**[[Ejection murmurs]]
* [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage]] with [[left-to-right shunt]]
***Functional
* [[Atrial myxoma]]
****[[Still's murmur]] and its adult variant
* [[Atrial septal defect|Atrial septal defect (ASD)]] with [[left-to-right shunt]]
****Flow [[murmur]] emanating from the root of the [[pulmonary artery]]
* [[Austin Flint murmur]]
****[[Murmur]] associated with high [[cardiac output]] states
* [[Bronchial artery|Bronchial collateral circulation]]
****Flow murmurs associated with aortic or pulmonary valvular insufficiency
* [[Carey-Coombs murmur]]
***Organic
* [[Venous hum|Cervical venous hum]]
****Valvular [[aortic stenosis]]
* [[Coarctation of the aorta]]
****[[Aortic sclerosis]]
* [[Arteriovenous fistula|Coronary or pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]]
****Discrete [[subvalvular aortic stenosis]] (web or tunnel)
* [[Hepatic venous hum]]
****[[Supravalvular aortic stenosis]]
* [[Mammary souffle]]
****[[Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]]
* [[Mitral stenosis]]
****[[Pulmonary valvular stenosis]]
* [[Patent Ductus Arteriosus| Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)]]
****[[Pulmonary infundibular stenosis]]
* [[Pericarditis|Pericardial knock]]
****[[Atrial septal defect]]
* [[Pulmonary artery stenosis]]
****[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]
* [[Pulmonic regurgitation|Pulmonary insufficiency]]
**Regurgitant murmurs
* [[Tricuspid stenosis]]
***Functional: none
 
***Organic:
=== Systolic Heart Murmurs ===
****[[Mitral regurgitation]]:
* [[Aortic sclerosis]]
*****Rheumatic
* [[Aortic stenosis]]
*****[[Papillary muscle]] dysfunction
* [[Atrial septal defect]]
*****[[Mitral valve prolapse]]
* [[Bicuspid aortic valve]]
*****Acute
* [[Venous hum|Cervical venous hum]]
****[[Tricuspid regurgitation]]:
* [[Coarctation of the aorta]]
*****Chronic
* [[Arteriovenous fistula|Coronary or pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]]
*****Acute
* [[Endocarditis]]
****[[Ventricular septal defect]]
* [[Hepatic venous hum]]
*****Roger's type (small and large)
* [[Hyperthyroidism]]
******Without [[pulmonary hypertension]]
* [[Innocent murmur]]
******With [[pulmonary hypertension]]
* [[Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction]]
*****Slitlike
* [[Mammary souffle]]
***Extracardiac sounds simulating [[systolic heart murmurs]]
* [[Mitral insufficiency]]
****Subclavian (supraclavicular/brachiocephalic) [[Murmur]]
* [[Mitral valve prolapse]]
****Internal mammary soufflé
* [[Papillary muscle dysfunction]]
****[[Carotid artery bruits]]
* [[Patent ductus arteriosus|Patent ductus arteriosus PDA)]]
****[[Coarctation of the aorta]]
* [[Pericardial friction rub]]s
****Murmurs emanating from a dilated aortic or pulmonary artery root
* [[Pulmonary artery stenosis|Peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis]]
****[[Patent ductus arteriosus]] with [[pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
* [[Artificial heart valve|Prosthetic valve]]
*[[Diastolic murmur]]<ref name="pmid21250187">{{cite journal| author=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW| title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations | journal= | year= 1990 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=21250187 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
* [[Pulmonary artery stenosis]]
**[[Aortic regurgitation]]
* [[Pulmonic stenosis|Pulmonic outflow obstruction]]
**[[Pulmonary valve regurgitation]]
* [[Still's murmur]]
**Mitral rumble
* [[Tricuspid insufficiency]]
***Obstruction to flow
* [[Ventricular septal defect]]
****[[Mitral stenosis]] (rheumatic, congenital)
 
****[[Left atrial myxoma]]
===Continuous Murmurs===
****Cor triatriatum
* [[Aortic coarctation]]
****Localized pericardial constriction
* [[Aortic insufficiency]]
***Increased flow
* [[Aortic stenosis]]
****[[Mitral regurgitation]]
* [[Coronary artery fistula]]
****[[Ventricular septal defect]]
* [[Mammary souffle]]
****[[Patent ductus arteriousus]]
* [[Pneumomediastinum|Mediastinal air dissection]]
****[[Complete heart block]]
* [[Patent ductus arteriosus]]
**Tricuspid rumble
* [[Pericardial friction rub]]
***Obstruction to flow
* [[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]]
****[[Tricuspid stenosis]] (rheumatic, Ebstein's anomoly, carinoid)
* [[Sinus of Valsalva|Ruptured sinus of Valsalva]]
****[[Right atrial myxoma]]
* [[Venous hum]]
****Localized pericardial constriction
***Increased flow
****[[Atrial septal defect]]
****[[Tricuspid regurgitation]]
*[[Continuous murmur]] <ref name="pmid22574086">{{cite journal| author=Ginghină C, Năstase OA, Ghiorghiu I, Egher L| title=[[Continuous murmur]]—the auscultatory expression of a variety of pathological conditions. | journal=J Med Life | year= 2012 | volume= 5 | issue= 1 | pages= 39-46 | pmid=22574086 | doi= | pmc=3307079 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22574086  }} </ref>
**THORACIC:
***[[Precordial]]
****[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]
****[[Coronary arteriovenous fistulas]]
****Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm ruptured into right cavities
****[[Atrial septal defect]] associated with abnormalities that cause increased pressure in the [[left atrium]]
****[[Left coronary artery]] origin from [[pulmonary artery]] anomaly
****[[Continuous murmur]] at intern mammary artery
***Extra [[Precordial]]
****[[Coarctation of the aorta]]
****[[Pulmonary atresia]]
****[[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]]
****[[Truncus arteriosus]]
****Anomalies of origin of the [[pulmonary artery]]  
**EXTRATHORACIC:
***[[Venous hum]]
***Cruveilhier-Baumgarten sindrom
***Severe arterial stenosis
*** Extrathoracic arteriovenos fistulas


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 00:41, 20 September 2020

Heart murmur Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Echocardiography

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Case Studies

Case #1

Heart murmur causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Heart murmur causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Heart murmur causes

CDC on Heart murmur causes

Heart murmur causes in the news

Blogs on Heart murmur causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Heart murmur

Risk calculators and risk factors for Heart murmur causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Causes of heart murmur can be grouped into functional, also known as innocent murmur, physiologic and pathological murmurs. Still murmur is one of the causes of functional murmur. Causes of physiologic murmur include atriovenous fistula and pregnancy. Pathological murmur can result from a broad variety of conditions such as valvular stenosis, valvular insufficiency, mitral valve prolapse, right-to-left shunt and left-to-right shunt.

Common Causes

References

  1. Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (1990). "Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations". PMID 21250186.
  2. Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (1990). "Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations". PMID 21250187.
  3. Ginghină C, Năstase OA, Ghiorghiu I, Egher L (2012). "[[Continuous murmur]]—the auscultatory expression of a variety of pathological conditions". J Med Life. 5 (1): 39–46. PMC 3307079. PMID 22574086. URL–wikilink conflict (help)

Template:WH Template:WS