Heart murmur causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Heart murmur}}
{{Heart murmur}}
{{CMG}} ; {{AE}}{{NUHA}}
{{CMG}} ; {{AE}}{{nuha}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Causes of heart murmur can be grouped into [[functional murmur|functional]], also known as innocent murmur, physiologic and pathological murmurs. [[Still murmur]] is one of the causes of functional murmur. Causes of physiologic murmur include [[atriovenous fistula]] and [[pregnancy]]. Pathological murmur can result from a broad variety of conditions such as valvular stenosis, valvular insufficiency, [[mitral valve prolapse]], [[right-to-left shunt]] and [[left-to-right shunt]].
Causes of heart murmur can be grouped into [[functional murmur|functional]], also known as [[innocent murmur]], [[physiologic]] and pathological murmurs. [[Still murmur]] is one of the causes of [[functional murmur]]. Causes of physiologic murmur include [[arteriovenous fistula]] and [[pregnancy]]. Pathological murmur can result from a broad variety of conditions such as [[valvular stenosis]], valvular insufficiency, [[mitral valve prolapse]], [[right-to-left shunt]] and [[left-to-right shunt]].


===Common Causes===
==Common Causes==
* [[Systolic murmur]]<ref name="pmid21250186">{{cite journal| author=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW| title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations | journal= | year= 1990 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=21250186 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
 
*[[Systolic murmur]]<ref name="pmid21250186">{{cite journal| author=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW| title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations | journal= | year= 1990 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=21250186 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
**[[Ejection murmurs]]
**[[Ejection murmurs]]
***Functional
***Functional
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****Flow [[murmur]] emanating from the root of the [[pulmonary artery]]
****Flow [[murmur]] emanating from the root of the [[pulmonary artery]]
****[[Murmur]] associated with high [[cardiac output]] states
****[[Murmur]] associated with high [[cardiac output]] states
****Flow murmurs associated with aortic or pulmonary valvular insufficiency
****Flow murmurs associated with [[Aorta|aortic]] or [[pulmonary]] valvular insufficiency
***Organic
***Organic
****Valvular [[aortic stenosis]]
****Valvular [[aortic stenosis]]
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***Organic:
***Organic:
****[[Mitral regurgitation]]:
****[[Mitral regurgitation]]:
*****Rheumatic
*****[[Rheumatic disease|Rheumatic]]
*****[[Papillary muscle]] dysfunction
*****[[Papillary muscle]] dysfunction
*****[[Mitral valve prolapse]]
*****[[Mitral valve prolapse]]
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***Extracardiac sounds simulating [[systolic heart murmurs]]
***Extracardiac sounds simulating [[systolic heart murmurs]]
****Subclavian (supraclavicular/brachiocephalic) [[Murmur]]
****Subclavian (supraclavicular/brachiocephalic) [[Murmur]]
****Internal mammary soufflé
****[[Internal mammary soufflé]]
****[[Carotid artery bruits]]
****[[Carotid artery bruits]]
****[[Coarctation of the aorta]]
****[[Coarctation of the aorta]]
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****[[Mitral stenosis]] (rheumatic, congenital)
****[[Mitral stenosis]] (rheumatic, congenital)
****[[Left atrial myxoma]]
****[[Left atrial myxoma]]
****Cor triatriatum
****[[Cor triatriatum]]
****Localized pericardial constriction
****Localized pericardial constriction
***Increased flow
***Increased flow
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****[[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]]
****[[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]]
****[[Truncus arteriosus]]
****[[Truncus arteriosus]]
****Anomalies of origin of the [[pulmonary artery]]  
****Anomalies of origin of the [[pulmonary artery]]
**EXTRATHORACIC:
**EXTRATHORACIC:
***[[Venous hum]]
***[[Venous hum]]
***Cruveilhier-Baumgarten sindrom
***Cruveilhier-Baumgarten sindrom
***Severe arterial stenosis
***Severe arterial stenosis
*** Extrathoracic arteriovenos fistulas
***Extrathoracic [[Arteriovenous fistula|arteriovenos fistulas]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 22:39, 21 January 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nuha Al-Howthi, MD[2]

Overview

Causes of heart murmur can be grouped into functional, also known as innocent murmur, physiologic and pathological murmurs. Still murmur is one of the causes of functional murmur. Causes of physiologic murmur include arteriovenous fistula and pregnancy. Pathological murmur can result from a broad variety of conditions such as valvular stenosis, valvular insufficiency, mitral valve prolapse, right-to-left shunt and left-to-right shunt.

Common Causes

References

  1. Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (1990). "Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations". PMID 21250186.
  2. Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (1990). "Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations". PMID 21250187.
  3. Ginghină C, Năstase OA, Ghiorghiu I, Egher L (2012). "[[Continuous murmur]]—the auscultatory expression of a variety of pathological conditions". J Med Life. 5 (1): 39–46. PMC 3307079. PMID 22574086. URL–wikilink conflict (help)

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