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| __NOTOC__
| | #redirect:[[Hand-foot-and-mouth disease]] |
| '''For patient information click [[Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (patient information)|here]]'''
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| {{SI}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| {{SK}} HFMD
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| ==Overview==
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| '''Hand, foot and mouth disease''' is caused by a number of [[enterovirus]]es in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Picornaviridae]]. The most common cause is the [[Coxsackie A virus|Coxsackie A]] [[virus]]. HFMD is not to be confused with [[Hoof-and-mouth disease]], which is a disease affecting sheep, cattle and swine, and which is unrelated to HFMD (but also caused by a member of the Picornaviridae family).
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| ==Historical Perspective==
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| ===Recorded outbreaks===
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| * In [[1997]], 34 children died in an outbreak in [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]].
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| * In [[1998]], there was an outbreak in [[Taiwan]], affecting mainly children<ref>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Deaths among children during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease--Taiwan, Republic of China, April-July 1998. ''MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep'' 1998;47:629-32. PMID 9704628.</ref>. There were 405 severe complications, and 78 children died<ref name=Ho>Ho M, Chen ER, Hsu KH, Twu SJ, Chen KT, Tsai SF, Wang JR, Shih SR. An epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan. Taiwan Enterovirus Epidemic Working Group. ''N Engl J Med'' 1999;341:929-35. PMID 10498487.</ref>. The total number of cases in that epidemic is estimated to have been 1.5 million<ref name=Ho/>.
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| * In [[2006]], 7 people died in what seems to be a new outbreak in [[Kuching]] Sarawak (according to the New Straits Times, 14th of March).
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| * In [[2006]], after the outbreak of [[Chikungunya]] in Southern and some Western parts of [[India]] cases of HFMD were reported. <!--These cases were termed as [[Monkeygunya]] or Thakaligunya. The symptoms included rashes and yellowish spots on the edges of ears, hands or legs. --><ref>http://www.hindu.com/2005/11/17/stories/2005111706880700.htm</ref>
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| * In [[2007]], during the week of April 15-21 alone, Singapore recorded 688 cases of the disease. <ref>http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/272220/1/.html</ref>
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| * In [[2007]], 30th May 2007, outbreak in the [[Maldives]]. <ref>http://www.traveldoctor.com.au/healthalerts.asp?UnqID=0.3960801&HealthAlertID=640</ref>
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| ==Pathophysiology==
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| HFMD usually affects infants and children, and is quite common. It is highly contagious and is spread through direct contact with the mucus or feces of an infected person. It typically occurs in small epidemics in nursery schools or kindergartens, usually during the summer and autumn months.
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| ==Symptoms==
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| Symptoms of HFMD include:
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| *[[Fever]]
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| *[[Rash]] in the mouth
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| *Sores with blisters on palms of hands and soles of feet
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| *Mouth ulcers
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| *Sores or blisters may be present on the buttocks of small children and infants
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| Not all symptoms may be present.
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| ==Treatment==
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| There is no specific treatment for hand, foot and mouth disease. Individual symptoms, such as fever, lameness and pain from the sores, may be eased with the use of medication. HFMD is a viral disease that has to run its course; many doctors do not issue medicine for this illness, unless the infection is severe. It is usually in the affected child's best interest to be kept home until the infection clears. Fever reducers will help to control high temperatures. Luke-warm baths will also help bring temperature down.
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| Only a very small minority require hospital admission, mainly as a result of [[neurology|neurological]] complications ([[encephalitis]], [[meningitis]] or [[acute flaccid paralysis]]) or [[pulmonary edema]]/[[pulmonary hemorrhage]].
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| ==External links==
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| * [http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/enterovirus/hfhf.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ''Hand, Foot, & Mouth Disease'']
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| ==References==
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| <div class="references-small">{{reflist|2}}</div>
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| {{Viral diseases}}
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| [[Category:Picornaviruses]]
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| [[Category:Dermatology]]
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| [[Category:Infectious disease]]
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| [[Category:Overview complete]]
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| [[Category:Pediatrics]]
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| [[es:Fiebre aftosa humana]]
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| [[fr:Syndrome bouche-main-pied]]
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| [[ja:手足口病]]
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| [[vi:Bệnh tay chân miệng]]
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| [[zh:手足口病]]
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| {{WH}}
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| {{WikiDoc Sources}}
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