Hammer toe

Hammer toe
A Mallet Toe is evident on the 3rd digit
ICD-10	M20.4, Q66.8
ICD-9	735.4, 755.66
MeSH	D037801

WikiDoc Resources for Hammer toe
Articles
Most recent articles on Hammer toe Most cited articles on Hammer toe Review articles on Hammer toe Articles on Hammer toe in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Hammer toe Images of Hammer toe Photos of Hammer toe Podcasts & MP3s on Hammer toe Videos on Hammer toe
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Hammer toe Bandolier on Hammer toe TRIP on Hammer toe
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Hammer toe at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Hammer toe Clinical Trials on Hammer toe at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Hammer toe NICE Guidance on Hammer toe NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Hammer toe CDC on Hammer toe
Books
Books on Hammer toe
News
Hammer toe in the news Be alerted to news on Hammer toe News trends on Hammer toe
Commentary
Blogs on Hammer toe
Definitions
Definitions of Hammer toe
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Hammer toe Discussion groups on Hammer toe Patient Handouts on Hammer toe Directions to Hospitals Treating Hammer toe Risk calculators and risk factors for Hammer toe
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Hammer toe Causes & Risk Factors for Hammer toe Diagnostic studies for Hammer toe Treatment of Hammer toe
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Hammer toe
International
Hammer toe en Espanol Hammer toe en Francais
Business
Hammer toe in the Marketplace Patents on Hammer toe
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Hammer toe

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Claw toe; hammertoe syndrome; mallet toe

Overview

A hammer toe is a deformity of the second, third, or fourth toe causing it to be permanently bent at the proximal interphalangeal joint, resembling a hammer. Mallet toe is another name for this condition when affecting the distal interphalangeal joint.

Causes

Hammer toe most often results from wearing poorly-fit shoes that can force the toe against their tip, such as excessively high heels or shoes that are too short or narrow for the foot. This can lead to subluxation of the metatarsal phalangeal joints and formation of a hammer toe, often found in conjunction with bunions or other foot problems. It can also be caused by muscle, nerve, or joint damage resulting from conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease or diabetes.

Treatment

In many cases, conservative treatment consisting of physical therapy and new shoes with soft, spacious toe boxes is enough to resolve the condition, while in more severe or longstanding cases orthopedic surgery may be necessary to correct the deformity.

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources