Gynecomastia causes: Difference between revisions

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**[[Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist|Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist]]
**[[Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist|Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist]]
**[[Human chorionic gonadotropin|Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)]]
**[[Human chorionic gonadotropin|Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)]]
**Recombinant human growth hormone
**Recombinant [[human growth hormone]]
**To review a complete list of drugs causing gynecomastia, [[Gynecomastia causes#Causes in Alphabetical Order|click here.]]
**To review a complete list of drugs causing gynecomastia, [[Gynecomastia causes#Causes in Alphabetical Order|click here.]]
*Idiopathic<ref name="pmid17881754">{{cite journal| author=Braunstein GD| title=Clinical practice. Gynecomastia. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2007 | volume= 357 | issue= 12 | pages= 1229-37 | pmid=17881754 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070677 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17881754  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid28613563">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vandeven H, Pensler J |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=28613563 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Idiopathic<ref name="pmid17881754">{{cite journal| author=Braunstein GD| title=Clinical practice. Gynecomastia. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2007 | volume= 357 | issue= 12 | pages= 1229-37 | pmid=17881754 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070677 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17881754  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid28613563">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vandeven H, Pensler J |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=28613563 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Physiologic<ref name="pmid17881754">{{cite journal |vauthors=Braunstein GD |title=Clinical practice. Gynecomastia |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=357 |issue=12 |pages=1229–37 |year=2007 |pmid=17881754 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070677 |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid25905330">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Swerdloff RS, Ng JCM |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905330 |doi= |url=}}</ref>  
*[[Physiologic]]<ref name="pmid17881754">{{cite journal |vauthors=Braunstein GD |title=Clinical practice. Gynecomastia |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=357 |issue=12 |pages=1229–37 |year=2007 |pmid=17881754 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070677 |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid25905330">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Swerdloff RS, Ng JCM |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905330 |doi= |url=}}</ref>  
**Adolescence
**[[Adolescence]]
**Aging
**[[Aging]]
**Infancy
**I[[Infancy|nfancy]]
*Pathologic<ref name="pmid24389786">{{cite journal| author=Ladizinski B, Lee KC, Nutan FN, Higgins HW, Federman DG| title=Gynecomastia: etiologies, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management. | journal=South Med J | year= 2014 | volume= 107 | issue= 1 | pages= 44-9 | pmid=24389786 | doi=10.1097/SMJ.0000000000000033 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24389786  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid25905330">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Swerdloff RS, Ng JCM |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905330 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid18728126">{{cite journal| author=Wagner MS, Wajner SM, Maia AL| title=The role of thyroid hormone in testicular development and function. | journal=J Endocrinol | year= 2008 | volume= 199 | issue= 3 | pages= 351-65 | pmid=18728126 | doi=10.1677/JOE-08-0218 | pmc=2799043 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18728126  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid2310274">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cavanaugh J, Niewoehner CB, Nuttall FQ |title=Gynecomastia and cirrhosis of the liver |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=150 |issue=3 |pages=563–5 |year=1990 |pmid=2310274 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Pathologic<ref name="pmid24389786">{{cite journal| author=Ladizinski B, Lee KC, Nutan FN, Higgins HW, Federman DG| title=Gynecomastia: etiologies, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management. | journal=South Med J | year= 2014 | volume= 107 | issue= 1 | pages= 44-9 | pmid=24389786 | doi=10.1097/SMJ.0000000000000033 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24389786  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid25905330">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Swerdloff RS, Ng JCM |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905330 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid18728126">{{cite journal| author=Wagner MS, Wajner SM, Maia AL| title=The role of thyroid hormone in testicular development and function. | journal=J Endocrinol | year= 2008 | volume= 199 | issue= 3 | pages= 351-65 | pmid=18728126 | doi=10.1677/JOE-08-0218 | pmc=2799043 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18728126  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid2310274">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cavanaugh J, Niewoehner CB, Nuttall FQ |title=Gynecomastia and cirrhosis of the liver |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=150 |issue=3 |pages=563–5 |year=1990 |pmid=2310274 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**Cirrhosis
**[[Cirrhosis]]
**Chronic Renal disease
**[[Chronic kidney disease|Chronic Renal disease]]
**Hyperthyrodism
**[[Hyperthyroidism]]
**Primary hypogonadism
**Primary [[hypogonadism]]
**Persistent pubertal gynecomastia
**Persistent pubertal [[gynecomastia]]
**Secondary hypogonadism
**Secondary [[hypogonadism]]
**Testicular tumors
**[[Testicular tumor|Testicular tumors]]


===Less Common Causes===
===Less Common Causes===
*Aromatase overexpression<ref name="pmid12736278">{{cite journal| author=Shozu M, Sebastian S, Takayama K, Hsu WT, Schultz RA, Neely K et al.| title=Estrogen excess associated with novel gain-of-function mutations affecting the aromatase gene. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2003 | volume= 348 | issue= 19 | pages= 1855-65 | pmid=12736278 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021559 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12736278  }} </ref>
*[[Aromatase]] overexpression<ref name="pmid12736278">{{cite journal| author=Shozu M, Sebastian S, Takayama K, Hsu WT, Schultz RA, Neely K et al.| title=Estrogen excess associated with novel gain-of-function mutations affecting the aromatase gene. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2003 | volume= 348 | issue= 19 | pages= 1855-65 | pmid=12736278 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021559 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12736278  }} </ref>
*[[Androgen insensitivity syndrome|Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome]]
*[[Androgen insensitivity syndrome|Androgen insensitivity syndrome]]
*Drugs
*Drugs
**To review a complete list of drugs causing gynecomastia, [[Gynecomastia causes#Causes in Alphabetical Order|click here.]]
**To review a complete list of drugs causing gynecomastia, [[Gynecomastia causes#Causes in Alphabetical Order|click here.]]
*Kallmann syndrome
*[[Kallmann syndrome]]
*Testosterone pathway defects
*[[Testosterone|Testosterone pathway defects]]
*Tumors
*[[Tumors]]
**Gastric carcinoma
**[[Gastric carcinoma]]
**Hepatic Tumor
**[[Hepatic tumor|Hepatic Tumor]]
**Large cell carcinoma of lung
**[[Large cell carcinoma of the lung|Large cell carcinoma of lung]]
**Pituitary Tumor
**[[Pituitary tumor|Pituitary Tumor]]
**Renal cell carcinoma
**[[Renal cell carcinoma]]
*To review a complete list of gynecomastia causes, [[Gynecomastia causes#Causes in Alphabetical Order|click here.]]
*To review a complete list of gynecomastia causes, [[Gynecomastia causes#Causes in Alphabetical Order|click here.]]


===Genetic Causes===
===Genetic Causes===
*Familal prepubertal gynecomastia<ref name="pmid12736278">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shozu M, Sebastian S, Takayama K, Hsu WT, Schultz RA, Neely K, Bryant M, Bulun SE |title=Estrogen excess associated with novel gain-of-function mutations affecting the aromatase gene |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=348 |issue=19 |pages=1855–65 |year=2003 |pmid=12736278 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021559 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Familial|Familial prepubertal gynecomastia]]<ref name="pmid12736278">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shozu M, Sebastian S, Takayama K, Hsu WT, Schultz RA, Neely K, Bryant M, Bulun SE |title=Estrogen excess associated with novel gain-of-function mutations affecting the aromatase gene |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=348 |issue=19 |pages=1855–65 |year=2003 |pmid=12736278 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021559 |url=}}</ref>


==Causes in Alphabetical Order==
==Causes in Alphabetical Order==

Revision as of 14:42, 9 August 2017

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'Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: 'Husnain Shaukat, M.D

Overview

Common known causes of gynecomastia include physiological, use of medications and pathological (cirrhosis, hyperthyroidism, testicular tumors and hypogonadism). Less common causes include androgen insensitivity syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, testosterone pathway defects and other tumors.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no known life-threatening causes of gynecomastia.

Common Causes

Less Common Causes

Genetic Causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.[11] [12]

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
3

References

  1. Deepinder F, Braunstein GD (2012). "Drug-induced gynecomastia: an evidence-based review". Expert Opin Drug Saf. 11 (5): 779–95. doi:10.1517/14740338.2012.712109. PMID 22862307.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Braunstein GD (2007). "Clinical practice. Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 357 (12): 1229–37. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp070677. PMID 17881754.
  3. Lainscak M, Pelliccia F, Rosano G, Vitale C, Schiariti M, Greco C; et al. (2015). "Safety profile of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: Spironolactone and eplerenone". Int J Cardiol. 200: 25–9. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.127. PMID 26404748.
  4. Henley DV, Lipson N, Korach KS, Bloch CA (2007). "Prepubertal gynecomastia linked to lavender and tea tree oils". N Engl J Med. 356 (5): 479–85. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa064725. PMID 17267908.
  5. Vandeven H, Pensler J. PMID 28613563. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. 6.0 6.1 De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Swerdloff RS, Ng J. PMID 25905330. Vancouver style error: initials (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. Ladizinski B, Lee KC, Nutan FN, Higgins HW, Federman DG (2014). "Gynecomastia: etiologies, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management". South Med J. 107 (1): 44–9. doi:10.1097/SMJ.0000000000000033. PMID 24389786.
  8. Wagner MS, Wajner SM, Maia AL (2008). "The role of thyroid hormone in testicular development and function". J Endocrinol. 199 (3): 351–65. doi:10.1677/JOE-08-0218. PMC 2799043. PMID 18728126.
  9. Cavanaugh J, Niewoehner CB, Nuttall FQ (1990). "Gynecomastia and cirrhosis of the liver". Arch. Intern. Med. 150 (3): 563–5. PMID 2310274.
  10. 10.0 10.1 Shozu M, Sebastian S, Takayama K, Hsu WT, Schultz RA, Neely K; et al. (2003). "Estrogen excess associated with novel gain-of-function mutations affecting the aromatase gene". N Engl J Med. 348 (19): 1855–65. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa021559. PMID 12736278.
  11. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  12. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

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