Guillain-Barré syndrome other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions

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==Other Diagnostic Studies==
==Other Diagnostic Studies==
===Electrodiagnostic tests===
* Nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography may be helpful in the diagnosis of Guillain Barre syndrome and differentiating various sub types.
ECD is used almost every time to verify symptoms, but because of the acute nature of the disease, they may not become abnormal until after the first week of onset of signs and symptoms.
 
The following tests may be ordered:
* Findings diagnostic of Guillain Barre syndrome include:
* '''Electrodiagnostics''' -
** In demyelinating forms:
** [[Electromyography]] (EMG)-[[EMG]] tests the electrical activity in [[muscles]]. It may show that [[nerves]] do not react properly to stimulation.
*** Reduced conduction velocity of motor nerves.
** [[Nerve conduction study]]
*** Increased distal motor latency.
*** (NCS) may show prolonged distal latencies, conduction slowing, conduction block, and temporal dispersion of compound action potential in demyelinating cases.
*** increased latency of F wave.
*** In primary axonal damage, the findings include reduced amplitude of the action potentials without conduction slowing.
*** conduction block
*** Nerve motor action potentials may be decreased. Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude may be decreased.
*** Temporal scattering
*** The extent of decreased action potentials correlates with prognosis. Prolonged distal latencies may be present. Abnormal H-reflex may be noted.
** In axonal forms:
*** Needle examination shows profuse and early denervation potentials also support the conclusion that there has been axonal injury
*** Reduced amplitude of distal motor and/or sensory nerve impulses.
===Pulmonary Function Test===
*** Conduction block of motor nerves.
* Pulmonary function test (Maximal inspiratory pressures, maximal expiratory pressures and forced vital capacities) should be done regularly to monitor patients' respiratory performances and any need for ventilator.
* Forced vital capacities also help in taking decisions regarding ventilators <ref name="pmid7867285">{{cite journal |author=Teitelbaum JS, Borel CO |title=Respiratory dysfunction in Guillain-Barré syndrome |journal=[[Clinics in Chest Medicine]] |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=705–14 |year=1994 |month=December |pmid=7867285 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-02-24}}</ref>.
===Muscle Biopsy===
* It is not commonly done but may be used as an adjunct to rule out myopathies (in cases of diagnostic dilemmas)


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 17:07, 18 December 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]

Overview

Nerve conduction study may show prolonged distal latencies, conduction slowing, conduction block, and temporal dispersion of compound action potential in demyelinating cases. Forced vital capacities also help in taking decisions regarding ventilators [1].

Other Diagnostic Studies

  • Nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography may be helpful in the diagnosis of Guillain Barre syndrome and differentiating various sub types.
  • Findings diagnostic of Guillain Barre syndrome include:
    • In demyelinating forms:
      • Reduced conduction velocity of motor nerves.
      • Increased distal motor latency.
      • increased latency of F wave.
      • conduction block
      • Temporal scattering
    • In axonal forms:
      • Reduced amplitude of distal motor and/or sensory nerve impulses.
      • Conduction block of motor nerves.

References

  1. ↑ Teitelbaum JS, Borel CO (1994). "Respiratory dysfunction in Guillain-Barré syndrome". Clinics in Chest Medicine. 15 (4): 705–14. PMID 7867285. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)

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