Guillain-Barré syndrome: Difference between revisions
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==[[Guillain-Barré syndrome classification|Classification]]== | ==[[Guillain-Barré syndrome classification|Classification]]== | ||
Revision as of 16:18, 15 February 2012
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | |
| ICD-10 | G61.0 |
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| ICD-9 | 357.0 |
| DiseasesDB | 5465 |
| MeSH | D020275 |
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Guillain-Barré syndrome Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Guillain-Barré syndrome On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Guillain-Barré syndrome |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Guillain-Barré syndrome |
For patient information click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
All forms of Guillain-Barré syndrome are due to an immune response to foreign antigens (such as infectious agents or vaccines) but mistargeted to host nerve tissues instead (a form of antigenic mimicry). The targets of such immune attack are thought to be gangliosides, which are complex glycosphingolipids present in large quantities on human nerve tissues, especially in the nodes of Ranvier. An example is the GM1 ganglioside, which can be affected in as many as 20-50% of cases, especially in those preceded by Campylobacter jejuni infections. Another example is the GQ1b ganglioside, which is the target in the Miller Fisher syndrome variant (see below).
The end result of such autoimmune attack on the peripheral nerves is inflammation of myelin and conduction block, leading to a muscle paralysis that may be accompanied by sensory or autonomic disturbances.
However, in mild cases, axonal function remains intact and recovery can be rapid if remyelination occurs. In severe cases, such as in the AMAN or AMSAN variants (see below), axonal degeneration occurs, and recovery depends on axonal regeneration. Recovery becomes much slower, and there is a greater degree of residual damage. Recent studies on the disease have demonstrated that approximately 80% of the patients have myelin loss, whereas, in the remaining 20%, the pathologic hallmark of the disease is indeed axon loss.
History & Symptoms
Physical Examination
Classification
Diagnosis
Other Diagnostic Studies
Differentiating Guillain-Barré syndrome from other Diseases
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Natural history, Complications, and Prognosis
Historical perspective
References
ca:Síndrome de Guillain-Barré de:Guillain-Barré-Syndrom it:Sindrome di Guillain-Barré he:תסמונת גיאן-בארה lb:Guillain-Barré-Syndrom ms:Sindrom Guillain-Barré nl:Syndroom van Guillain-Barré fi:Guillain-Barrén oireyhtymä sv:Guillain-Barrés syndrom