Giardiasis: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 17:49, 18 September 2017

This page is about clinical aspects of the disease. For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Giardia lamblia.

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Serge Korjian M.D.; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Beaver fever, Giardiosis; Giardia enteritis; Lambliasis; Giardia infection; Giardia lamblia infection; Giardia intestinalis infection

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Giardiasis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

External Links

Giardiasis Fact Sheet

Template:Protozoal diseases

Template:WikiDoc Sources

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-{{Infobox_Disease
+__NOTOC__
- | Name           = {{PAGENAME}}
+{{Giardiasis}}
- | Image          = Giardia lamblia SEM 8698 lores.jpg
+{{About1|Giardia lamblia}}
- | Caption        = ''Giardia'' cell, SEM
+'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
- | DiseasesDB     = 5213
- | ICD10          =  {{ICD10|A|07|1|a|00}}
- | ICD9           = {{ICD9|007.1}}
- | ICDO           =
- | OMIM           =
- | MedlinePlus    = 000288
- | eMedicineSubj  = emerg
- | eMedicineTopic = 215
- | MeshID         = D005873
-}}
-{{SI}}
-'''For the WikiPatient page for this topic, click [[Giardiasis (patient information)|here]]'''
+{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{YD}}; {{SSK}}; {{CZ}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{SK}} Beaver fever, Giardiosis; Giardia enteritis; Lambliasis; Giardia infection; Giardia lamblia infection; Giardia intestinalis infection
-{{Editor Help}}
+==[[Giardiasis overview|Overview]]==
-==Overview==
+==[[Giardiasis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
-'''Giardiasis''' (also known as '''beaver fever''') is a disease caused by the [[flagellate|flagellate protozoan]] ''[[Giardia lamblia]]'' (also sometimes called ''Giardia intestinalis'' and ''Giardia duodenalis'') <ref>Huang, White. An Updated Review on Cryptosporidium and Giardia ''Gastroenterol Clin N Am 35'' (2006) 291–314</ref>. The giardia organism inhabits the digestive tract of a wide variety of domestic and wild animal species, including humans. It is a common cause of [[gastroenteritis]] in humans, infecting approximately 200 million people worldwide.
-==Transmission==
+==[[Giardiasis classification|Classification]]==
-Giardiasis is passed via the [[fecal-oral route]]. Primary routes are personal contact and contaminated water and food. People who spend time in institutional or day-care environments are more susceptible, as are travelers and those who consume improperly treated water. It is a particular danger to people hiking or backpacking in wilderness areas worldwide. Giardia is suspected to be [[zoonotic]]—communicable between animals and humans.  Major reservoir hosts would include beavers, dogs, cats, horses, and cattle.
-==Symptoms==
+==[[Giardiasis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
-Symptoms include loss of appetite, [[lethargy]], [[fever]], explosive [[diarrhea]], loose or watery stool, stomach cramps, upset stomach, projectile [[vomiting]] (uncommon), bloating, and [[flatulence]]. Symptoms typically begin 1–2 weeks after infection and may wane and reappear cyclically.  Symptoms are caused largely by the thick coating of ''[[Giardia]]'' organisms coating the inside of the [[small intestine]] and blocking nutrient absorption.  Most people are asymptomatic; only about a third of infected people exhibit symptoms.
+==[[Giardiasis causes|Causes]]==
+==[[Giardiasis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Giardiasis from other Diseases]]==
+==[[Giardiasis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
+==[[Giardiasis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
+==[[Giardiasis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
+==Diagnosis==
+[[Giardiasis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Giardiasis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Giardiasis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Giardiasis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 ==Treatment==
-Drugs used to treat adults include [[metronidazole]], [[albendazole]] and [[quinacrine]]. [[Furazolidone]] and [[nitazoxanide]] may be used in children. Treatment is not always necessary, as the body can defeat the infection by itself.
-The drug [[tinidazole]] has a long half life and a single dose of 2000 mg is effective in 90% of patients. This obviates the longer treatment using the other medications listed. The shorter duration of treatment may also cause less patient distress. Tinidazole is now approved by the FDA<ref name="FDA">[http://www.fda.gov/Cder/consumerinfo/druginfo/tindamax.htm FDA info on Tindamax].</ref> and available to U.S. patients.  Tinidazole is approved for the treatment of Giardiasis in patients over three years of age.  If a child is unable to swallow the tablets, they can be crushed and mixed with a favorite food or with syrup. Side effects of tinidazole include [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[headache]], the development of a metallic taste in the mouth and [[disulfiram]]-like side effects. Gatrointestinal side effects can be minimized by taking tinidazole with food.
-==Testing==
+[[Giardiasis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Giardiasis prevention|Prevention]] | [[Giardiasis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Giardiasis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
-While most sources suggest that commonly used tests for giardia are unreliable, a new immunologic test referred to as ELISA, for [[enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay]] are now available.   These tests are capable of a 90 percent detection rate or more. <ref>[http://www.yosemite.org/naturenotes/Giardia.htm#_ednref7 Giardia Lamblia and Giardiasis by Robert L. Rockwell, PhD ]</ref>
-==References==
+==Case Studies==
-{{Reflist|2}}
+[[Giardiasis case study one|Case #1]]
-==External links==
+==External Links==
-*[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/giardiasis/factsht_giardia.htm Giardiasis Fact Sheet]
+*[http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/giardia/ Giardiasis Fact Sheet]
-*[http://www.emedicinehealth.com/articles/17334-1.asp eMedicine Health Giardiasis]
 {{Protozoal diseases}}
+[[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
 [[Category:Parasitic diseases]]
 [[Category:Water-borne diseases]]
-[[Category:Infectious disease]]
-{{SIB}}
 {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
 {{WikiDoc Sources}}