Gestational hypertension resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
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===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
Insufficient blood flow to the uterus | |||
Damage to the blood vessels | |||
A problem with the immune system | |||
Certain genes | |||
* [[Common cause 1]] | * [[Common cause 1]] | ||
* [[Common cause 2]] | * [[Common cause 2]] | ||
Revision as of 16:54, 28 December 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Synonyms and keywords: Pregnancy-induced hypertension; PIH; gestational hypertension; pre-eclampsia
Overview
Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) or gestational hypertension, is defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >90 mmHg in pregnant woman who had normal blood pressure prior to 20 weeks and has no proteinuria (excess protein in the urine). It is classified as mild (SBP 140-149 and DBP 90-99 mmHg), moderate (SBP 150-159 and DBP 100-109 mmHg), and severe (SBP ≥160 and DBP ≥110 mmHg). It is about 6-10% of pregnancies. The WHO classified PIH is one of the main causes of maternal, fetal, and neonatal mortality and morbidity[1].gestational hypertension is one of the most common medical disorders affecting pregnancy. The most serious maternal complications of gestational hypertension include intracerebral hemorrhage, eclampsia, and renal failure, as well as hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).[2]
Causes
The cause of gestational hypertension is unknown. If untreated will be life-threatening, severe gestational hypertension may cause dangerous seizures (eclampsia) and even death in the mother and fetus. Because of these risks, it may be necessary for the baby to be delivered early, before the full term of pregnancy. Some conditions may increase the risk of developing the condition, including the following:
- History of hypertension
- Kidney disease
- Diabetes
- Hypertension with a previous pregnancy
- Mother's age younger than 20 or older than 40
- Multiple fetuses (twins, triplets)
- African-American race
Common Causes
Insufficient blood flow to the uterus Damage to the blood vessels A problem with the immune system Certain genes
Diagnosis
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
Don'ts
- The content in this section is in bullet points.
References
- ↑ Kintiraki E, Papakatsika S, Kotronis G, Goulis DG, Kotsis V (2015). "Pregnancy-Induced hypertension". Hormones (Athens). 14 (2): 211–23. doi:10.14310/horm.2002.1582. PMID 26158653.
- ↑ Marik PE (2009). "Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy". Postgrad Med. 121 (2): 69–76. doi:10.3810/pgm.2009.03.1978. PMID 19332964.