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| *The cause of germ cell tumor is not understood fully but there are many risk factors that believed to play a role in the development of germ cell tumors.
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| * Individuals with Differences of Sex Development (DSDs) are predisposed to gonadal germ cell tumor (GCT)<ref name="pmid28544305">{{cite journal| author=Pyle LC, Nathanson KL| title=A practical guide for evaluating gonadal germ cell tumor predisposition in differences of sex development. | journal=Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet | year= 2017 | volume= 175 | issue= 2 | pages= 304-314 | pmid=28544305 | doi=10.1002/ajmg.c.31562 | pmc=5538907 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28544305 }} </ref>
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| *To determine the risk of Germ cell tumor in patients with DSDs, we need to categorize DSDs precisely based on karyotype, molecular data, hormonal milieu, external phenotype and gonadal morphology.
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| * Common causes of seminoma may include:<ref name="pmid23519268">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ferguson L, Agoulnik AI |title=Testicular cancer and cryptorchidism |journal=Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) |volume=4 |issue= |pages=32 |date=2013 |pmid=23519268 |doi=10.3389/fendo.2013.00032 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11061944">{{cite journal |vauthors=Merzenich H, Ahrens W, Stang A, Baumgardt-Elms C, Jahn I, Stegmaier C, Jöckel KH |title=Sorting the hype from the facts in testicular cancer: is testicular cancer related to trauma? |journal=J. Urol. |volume=164 |issue=6 |pages=2143–4 |date=December 2000 |pmid=11061944 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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| * Cryptorchidism
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| * Undescended testis
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| * Abdominal testis
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| * Trauma
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| * Mumps
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| * Maternal estrogen exposure
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| * Genetic Causes
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| * Seminoma is caused by a mutation in the KIT gene.
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| * 12p11.2-p12.1 chromosomal amplifications and deletions observed in majority of cases.
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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