Gentamicin: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 14:24, 6 January 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]

Overview

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, and can treat many types of bacterial infections, particularly Gram-negative infection. However, gentamicin is not used for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis or Legionella pneumophila infections.

It is synthesized by Micromonospora, a genus of Gram-positive bacteria widely present in the environment (water and soil). Gentamicin is a bactericidal antibiotic that works by binding the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, interrupting protein synthesis.

Like all aminoglycosides, when gentamicin is given orally, it is not systemically active. This is because it is not absorbed to any appreciable extent from the small intestine. It appears to be completely eliminated unchanged in the urine. Urine must be collected for many days to recover all of a given dose because the drug binds avidly to certain tissues. It is administered intravenously, intramuscularly or topically to treat infections.

E. coli has shown some resistance to gentamicin, despite being Gram-negative.

Gentamicin is one of the few heat-stable antibiotics that remain active even after autoclaving, which makes it particularly useful in the preparation of certain microbiological growth media.

Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections, normally gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas, Proteus, Serratia, AND Gram-positive Staphylococcus; http://www.merck.com/mmpe/lexicomp/gentamicin.html

US Brand Names

FDA Package Insert

APOGEN, BRISTAGEN, GARAMYCIN, GENOPTIC, GENTACIDIN, GENTAFAIR, GENTAK, GENTAMICIN, GENTAMICIN SULFATE, U-GENCIN

Mechanism of Action

References

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+__NOTOC__
+{{XXXXX}}
+{{CMG}}
-APOGEN, BRISTAGEN, GARAMYCIN, GENOPTIC, GENTACIDIN, GENTAFAIR, GENTAK, GENTAMICIN, GENTAMICIN SULFATE, U-GENCIN
+==Overview==
 '''Gentamicin''' is an [[aminoglycoside]] [[antibiotic]], and can treat many types of [[bacterium|bacteria]]l infections, particularly [[Gram-negative]] infection. However, gentamicin is not used for ''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]'', ''[[Neisseria meningitidis]]'' or ''[[Legionella pneumophila]]'' infections.
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 http://www.merck.com/mmpe/lexicomp/gentamicin.html
-==Side effects==
+==Category==
-All aminoglycosides are toxic to the sensory cells of the ear, but they vary greatly in their relative effects on hearing versus balance. Gentamicin is a vestibulotoxin, and  can usually cause permanent loss of [[equilibrioception]], caused by damage to the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear if taken at high doses or for prolonged periods of time. Gentamicin has on occasion impaired or even wholly destroyed hearing.  In most instances, the affected individual has undergone treatment for 2 weeks or more. A small number of affected individuals have a normally harmless mutation in their mitochondrial RNA, that allows the gentamicin to affect their cells. The cells of the [[ear]] are particularly sensitive to this. Gentamicin is sometimes used intentionally for this purpose in severe [[Ménière’s disease]], to disable the [[vestibular apparatus]].
+==US Brand Names==
+==FDA Package Insert==
+'''  [[XXXXX description|Description]]'''
+'''| [[XXXXX clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
+'''| [[XXXXX microbiology|Microbiology]]'''
+'''| [[XXXXX indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
+'''| [[XXXXX contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
+'''| [[XXXXX warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
+'''| [[XXXXX adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
+'''| [[XXXXX drug interactions|Drug Interactions]]'''
+'''| [[XXXXX overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
+'''| [[XXXXX clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]'''
+'''| [[XXXXX dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
+'''| [[XXXXX how supplied|How Supplied]]'''
+'''| [[XXXXX labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''
-Gentamicin can also be highly [[nephrotoxic]], particularly if multiple doses accumulate over a course of treatment. For this reason gentamicin is usually dosed by [[body weight]]. Various formulae exist for calculating gentamicin dosage. Also trough and peak serum levels of gentamicin are monitored during treatment, generally before and after the third dose is infused.
-Gentamicin, like other [[aminoglycosides]], causes [[nephrotoxicity]] by inhibiting protein synthesis in renal cells.  This mechanism specifically causes necrosis of cells in the [[proximal tubule]], resulting in [[acute tubular necrosis]] which can lead to [[acute renal failure]].<ref>Sundin DP, Sandoval R, Molitoris BA: Gentamicin Inhibits Renal Protein and Phospholipid Metabolism in Rats: Implications Involving Intracellular Trafficking. J Am Soc Nephrol 12:114-123, 2001</ref>
-==Gentamicin producers==
-Gentamicin is produced by a fermentation procedure.  The majority of the world's gentamicin production takes place in China and South Korea; the last European producer is Lek, part of Sandoz group [citation needed].
-==References==
+APOGEN, BRISTAGEN, GARAMYCIN, GENOPTIC, GENTACIDIN, GENTAFAIR, GENTAK, GENTAMICIN, GENTAMICIN SULFATE, U-GENCIN
-{{Reflist}}
-[http://www.drugs.com/ppa/gentamicin.html  Complete Gentamicin Information at Drugs.com]
-{{Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use}}
-{{AminoglycosideAntiBiotics}}
-{{Otologicals}}
-[[Category:Aminoglycoside antibiotics]]
-<br>
+==Mechanism of Action==
-[[bs:Gentamicin]]
-[[cs:Gentamicin]]
-[[de:Gentamicin]]
-[[es:Gentamicina]]
-[[fr:Gentamicine]]
-[[hr:Gentamicin]]
-[[hu:Gentamicin]]
-[[nl:Gentamicine]]
-[[ja:ゲンタマイシン]]
-[[pl:Gentamycyna]]
-[[sr:Гентамицин]]
-[[sh:Gentamicin]]
-[[th:เจนตามัยซิน]]
+==References==
+{{Reflist|2}}
-{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
+[[Category:Antibiotics]]
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}
+[[Category:Wikinfect]]