Generalized anxiety disorder history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Irfan Dotani
Overview
There are several disorders that have a tendency to co-occur with generalized anxiety disorder. These include; major depressive disorder, panic disorder, social phobia, agoraphobia, substance abuse, irritable bowel syndrome and sleep disorders.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Comorbid Depression
- In the National Comorbidity Survey (2005), 58% of patients diagnosed with major depression were found to have an anxiety disorder.
- Among these patients, the rate of comorbidity with GAD was 17.2%, and with panic disorder, 9.9%.[1]
- Patients with a diagnosed anxiety disorder also had high rates of comorbid depression, including 22.4% of patients with social phobia, 9.4% with agoraphobia, and 2.3% with panic disorder.[2]
- For many, the symptoms of both depression and anxiety are not severe enough (i.e. are subsyndromal) to justify a primary diagnosis of either major depressive disorder (MDD) or an anxiety disorder.
- Patients can also be categorized as having mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, and they are at significantly increased risk of developing full-blown depression or anxiety.
- Appropriate treatment is necessary to alleviate symptoms and prevent the emergence of more serious disease.
- Accumulating evidence indicates that patients with comorbid depression and anxiety tend to have greater illness severity and a lower treatment response than those with either disorder alone.[3]
- In addition, social function and quality of life are more greatly impaired.
- In addition to coexisting with depression, research shows that GAD often coexists with substance abuse or other conditions associated with stress, such as irritable bowel syndrome.
- Patients with physical symptoms such as insomnia or headaches should also tell their doctors about their feelings of worry and tension.
- This will help the patient's health care provider to recognize whether the person is suffering from GAD.
References
- ↑ Zald DH, Hagen MC, Pardo JV (2002). "Neural correlates of tasting concentrated quinine and sugar solutions". J Neurophysiol. 87 (2): 1068–75. doi:10.1152/jn.00358.2001. PMID 11826070.
- ↑ Rosen JB, Schulkin J (1998). "From normal fear to pathological anxiety". Psychol Rev. 105 (2): 325–50. PMID 9577241.
- ↑ Phillips AC, Carroll D, Der G (2015). "Negative life events and symptoms of depression and anxiety: stress causation and/or stress generation". Anxiety Stress Coping. 28 (4): 357–71. doi:10.1080/10615806.2015.1005078. PMC 4772121. PMID 25572915.