Gallbladder cancer risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of gallbladder cancer are obesity, chronic cholecystitis, chronic cholelithiasis, chronic typhoid infection, alcohol and genetic mutations.
Risk factors
- Obesity increases the risk for gallbladder cancer
- Chronic typhoid infection of gallbladder. Chronic salmonella typhi carriers have 3 to 200 times higher risk of gallbladder cancer than non-carriers and 1–6% lifetime risk of development of cancer[1]
- Various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been shown to be associated with gallbladder cancer. However, existing genetic studies in gallbladder cancer susceptibility have so far been insufficient to confirm any association[2]
- Alcohol: Alcohol drinking is a risk factor of gallbladder cancer[3][4]
- Age
- Gallstones and gallbladder inflammation
- Family history
- Porcelain gallbladder
- Cigarette smoking and other chemicals
- Abnormalities of the pancreas and bile duct
- Gallbladder polyps
- Diet
- Race
- Hormone replacement therapy
References
- ↑ Ferreccio, Catterina (2012). "Salmonella typhi and Gallbladder Cancer": 117–137. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2585-0_5.
- ↑ Srivastava K, Srivastava A, Sharma KL, Mittal B (2011). "Candidate gene studies in gallbladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Mutat Res. 728 (1–2): 67–79. doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.06.002. PMC 3162044. PMID 21708280.
- ↑ Ji, J (2005 Sep). "Variation in the risk for liver and gallbladder cancers in socioeconomic and occupational groups in Sweden with etiological implications". Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 78 (8): 641–9. PMID 16001211. Retrieved 28 May 2007. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help); Check date values in:|date=(help) - ↑ Ji J, Couto E, Hemminki K. Incidence differences for gallbladder cancer between occupational groups suggest an etiological role for alcohol Int J Cancer 2005 Sep 1;116(3):492-3.