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GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 1 (GIPC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GIPC1gene.[1][2][3] GIPC was originally identified as it binds specifically to the C terminus of RGS-GAIP, a protein involved in the regulation of G protein signaling.[1] GIPC is an acronym for "GAIP Interacting Protein C-terminus". RGS proteins are "Regulators of G protein Signaling" and RGS-GAIP is a "GTPase Activator protein for Gαi/Gαq", which are two major subtypes of Gα proteins. The human GIPC1 molecule is 333 amino acids or about 36 kDa in molecular size and consists of a central PDZ domain, a compact protein module which mediates specific protein-protein interactions. The RGS-GAIP protein interacts with this domain and many other proteins interact here or at other parts of the GIPC1 molecule. As a result, GIPC1 was independently discovered by several other groups and has a variety of alternate names, including synectin, C19orf3, RGS19IP1 and others. The GIPC1 gene family in mammals consisting of three members, so the first discovered, originally named GIPC, is now generally called GIPC1, with the other two being named GIPC2 and GIPC3.[4] The three human proteins are about 60% identical in protein sequence. GIPC1 has been shown to interact with a variety of other receptor and cytoskeletal proteins including the GLUT1 receptor, ACTN1, KIF1B, MYO6, PLEKHG5, SDC4/syndecan-4, SEMA4C/semaphorin-4 and HTLV-I Tax. The general function of GIPC family proteins therefore appears to be mediating specific interactions between proteins involved in G protein signaling and membrane translocation.
↑Rousset R, Fabre S, Desbois C, Bantignies F, Jalinot P (March 1998). "The C-terminus of the HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein mediates interaction with the PDZ domain of cellular proteins". Oncogene. 16 (5): 643–54. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201567. PMID9482110.
↑Hu LA, Chen W, Martin NP, Whalen EJ, Premont RT, Lefkowitz RJ (July 2003). "GIPC interacts with the beta1-adrenergic receptor and regulates beta1-adrenergic receptor-mediated ERK activation". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (28): 26295–301. doi:10.1074/jbc.M212352200. PMID12724327.
↑ 7.07.1Tani TT, Mercurio AM (September 2001). "PDZ interaction sites in integrin alpha subunits. T14853, TIP/GIPC binds to a type I recognition sequence in alpha 6A/alpha 5 and a novel sequence in alpha 6B". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (39): 36535–42. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105785200. PMID11479315.
↑ 8.08.1Gotthardt M, Trommsdorff M, Nevitt MF, Shelton J, Richardson JA, Stockinger W, Nimpf J, Herz J (August 2000). "Interactions of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family with cytosolic adaptor and scaffold proteins suggest diverse biological functions in cellular communication and signal transduction". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (33): 25616–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000955200. PMID10827173.
↑Petersen HH, Hilpert J, Militz D, Zandler V, Jacobsen C, Roebroek AJ, Willnow TE (February 2003). "Functional interaction of megalin with the megalinbinding protein (MegBP), a novel tetratrico peptide repeat-containing adaptor molecule". J. Cell Sci. 116 (Pt 3): 453–61. doi:10.1242/jcs.00243. PMID12508107.
↑Lou X, McQuistan T, Orlando RA, Farquhar MG (April 2002). "GAIP, GIPC and Galphai3 are concentrated in endocytic compartments of proximal tubule cells: putative role in regulating megalin's function". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13 (4): 918–27. PMID11912251.
↑Hirakawa T, Galet C, Kishi M, Ascoli M (December 2003). "GIPC binds to the human lutropin receptor (hLHR) through an unusual PDZ domain binding motif, and it regulates the sorting of the internalized human choriogonadotropin and the density of cell surface hLHR". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (49): 49348–57. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306557200. PMID14507927.
↑Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Mol. Syst. Biol. 3: 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC1847948. PMID17353931.
↑Awan A, Lucic MR, Shaw DM, Sheppard F, Westwater C, Lyons SA, Stern PL (January 2002). "5T4 interacts with TIP-2/GIPC, a PDZ protein, with implications for metastasis". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 290 (3): 1030–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.6288. PMID11798178.
↑Liu TF, Kandala G, Setaluri V (September 2001). "PDZ domain protein GIPC interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of melanosomal membrane protein gp75 (tyrosinase-related protein-1)". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (38): 35768–77. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103585200. PMID11441007.
Wang LH, Kalb RG, Strittmatter SM (1999). "A PDZ protein regulates the distribution of the transmembrane semaphorin, M-SemF". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (20): 14137–46. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.20.14137. PMID10318831.
Cai H, Reed RR (1999). "Cloning and characterization of neuropilin-1-interacting protein: a PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 domain-containing protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of neuropilin-1". J. Neurosci. 19 (15): 6519–27. PMID10414980.
Gotthardt M, Trommsdorff M, Nevitt MF, Shelton J, Richardson JA, Stockinger W, Nimpf J, Herz J (2000). "Interactions of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family with cytosolic adaptor and scaffold proteins suggest diverse biological functions in cellular communication and signal transduction". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (33): 25616–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000955200. PMID10827173.
Von Kap-Herr C, Kandala G, Mann SS, Hart TC, Pettenati MJ, Setaluri V (2000). "Assignment of PDZ domain-containing protein GIPC gene (C19orf3) to human chromosome band 19p13.1 by in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 89 (3–4): 234–5. doi:10.1159/000015621. PMID10965131.
Liu TF, Kandala G, Setaluri V (2001). "PDZ domain protein GIPC interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of melanosomal membrane protein gp75 (tyrosinase-related protein-1)". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (38): 35768–77. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103585200. PMID11441007.
Ligensa T, Krauss S, Demuth D, Schumacher R, Camonis J, Jaques G, Weidner KM (2001). "A PDZ domain protein interacts with the C-terminal tail of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor but not with the insulin receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (36): 33419–27. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104509200. PMID11445579.
Tani TT, Mercurio AM (2001). "PDZ interaction sites in integrin alpha subunits. T14853, TIP/GIPC binds to a type I recognition sequence in alpha 6A/alpha 5 and a novel sequence in alpha 6B". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (39): 36535–42. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105785200. PMID11479315.
Blobe GC, Liu X, Fang SJ, How T, Lodish HF (2001). "A novel mechanism for regulating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling. Functional modulation of type III TGF-beta receptor expression through interaction with the PDZ domain protein, GIPC". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (43): 39608–17. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106831200. PMID11546783.
Awan A, Lucic MR, Shaw DM, Sheppard F, Westwater C, Lyons SA, Stern PL (2002). "5T4 interacts with TIP-2/GIPC, a PDZ protein, with implications for metastasis". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 290 (3): 1030–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.6288. PMID11798178.
El Mourabit H, Poinat P, Koster J, Sondermann H, Wixler V, Wegener E, Laplantine E, Geerts D, Georges-Labouesse E, Sonnenberg A, Aumailley M (2002). "The PDZ domain of TIP-2/GIPC interacts with the C-terminus of the integrin alpha5 and alpha6 subunits". Matrix Biol. 21 (2): 207–14. doi:10.1016/S0945-053X(01)00198-6. PMID11852236.
Lou X, McQuistan T, Orlando RA, Farquhar MG (2002). "GAIP, GIPC and Galphai3 are concentrated in endocytic compartments of proximal tubule cells: putative role in regulating megalin's function". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13 (4): 918–27. PMID11912251.