GDF15
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Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was first identified as Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 or MIC-1.[1] It is a protein belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that has a role in regulating inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in injured tissues and during disease processes.[2] GDF15 is also known as TGF-PL, MIC-1, PDF, PLAB, and PTGFB.[3] GDF15 mRNA is most abundant in the liver, with lower levels seen in some other tissues. Its expression in liver can be significantly up-regulated during injury of organs such as liver, kidney, heart and lung.[2][3][4]
References
- ↑ Bootcov, Michelle R; Bauskin, Asne R.; et al. (1997). "MIC-1, a novel macrophage inhibitory cytokine, is a divergent member of the TGF-β superfamily". PNAS. 94 (21): 11514-11519.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zimmers T, Jin X, Hsiao E, McGrath S, Esquela A, Koniaris L (2005). "Growth differentiation factor-15/macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 induction after kidney and lung injury". Shock. 23 (6): 543–8. PMID 15897808.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hsiao E, Koniaris L, Zimmers-Koniaris T, Sebald S, Huynh T, Lee S (2000). "Characterization of growth-differentiation factor 15, a transforming growth factor beta superfamily member induced following liver injury". Mol Cell Biol. 20 (10): 3742–3751. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.10.3742-3751.2000. PMC 85678. PMID 10779363.
- ↑ Ago T, Sadoshima J (2006). "GDF15, a cardioprotective TGF-beta superfamily protein". Circ Res. 98 (3): 294–297. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000207919.83894.9d. PMID 16484622.
External links
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