Fat embolism syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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* 50% of patients with FES require mechanical ventilation | * 50% of patients with FES require mechanical ventilation | ||
* Progression to [[adult respiratory distress syndrome]] ([[ARDS]]) | * Progression to [[adult respiratory distress syndrome]] ([[ARDS]]) | ||
* Majority of patients develop neurologic abnormalities | * Majority of patients develop neurologic abnormalities. | ||
* Acute confusional state | * [[Altered mental state|Acute confusional state]] | ||
* Coma | * [[Coma]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] ([[DIC]]) | ||
* [[ | * [[Cardiogenic shock]] | ||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
The complications of fat embolism syndrome are as follows: | The complications of fat embolism syndrome are as follows: | ||
* Disseminated intravascular coagulation | * [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] | ||
* Right ventricular dysfunction | * [[Right ventricular failure|Right ventricular dysfunction]] | ||
* Acute respiratory distress syndrome | * [[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]] | ||
* Shock | * [[Shock]] | ||
* Biventricular failure | * Biventricular failure | ||
* Death | * Death |
Latest revision as of 13:54, 6 April 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]
Overview
Fat embolism syndrome commonly occurs 12-24 hrs after the inciting event. It can occur as early as 12 hrs and as late as 2 weeks. Patients are often dyspneic, tachypneic and hypoxic. Complications of fat embolism syndrome include disseminated intravascular coagulation, right ventricular dysfunction, acute respiratory distress syndrome and shock. Most patients recover with supportive treatment. Mortality occurs in 5-15% of patients.
Natural History
Fat embolism syndrome commonly occurs 12-24 hrs after the inciting event. It can occur as early as 12 hrs and as late as 2 weeks. Patients are often dyspneic, tachypneic and hypoxic. if left untreated, patients can progress to develop the following features:
- 50% of patients with FES require mechanical ventilation
- Progression to adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- Majority of patients develop neurologic abnormalities.
- Acute confusional state
- Coma
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Cardiogenic shock
Complications
The complications of fat embolism syndrome are as follows:
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Right ventricular dysfunction
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Shock
- Biventricular failure
- Death
Prognosis
The prognosis of fat embolism syndrome is as follows:[1]
- Most patients recover spontaneously.
- With supportive care alone, the outcome of the disease is relatively better.
- Mortality occurs in 5-15% of patients.
References
- ↑ Sethi D, Kajal S, Saxena A (2015). "Neuroimaging findings in a case of cerebral fat embolism syndrome with delayed recovery". Indian J Crit Care Med. 19 (11): 674–7. doi:10.4103/0972-5229.169350. PMC 4687178. PMID 26730120.